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PHRM844 > Dyslipidemia > Flashcards

Dyslipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

High cholesterol is a major risk factor for

A

Coronary heart disease

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2
Q

Lipid categories

A

Cholesterol
Cholesterol esters
TGs
Phospholipids

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3
Q

Lipoproteins

A

LDLs
HDLs
VLDLs

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4
Q

Apolipoproteins

A

ApoB
ApoA1
ApoCIII

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

A

Endothelial injury
Inflammatory response
Macrophage infiltration
Platelet adhesion
Smooth muscle cell proliferation
Extracellular matrix accumulation

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6
Q

Dyslipidemia common symptoms

A

Usually asymptomatic

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7
Q

Dyslipidemia severe symptoms

A

Chest pain, anxiety, SOB, lose consciousness, abdominal pain, sudden death

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8
Q

Signs of dyslipidemia

A

Pancreatitis
Eruptive xanthomas
Increased BP, waist size, BMI

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9
Q

Lab presentation of dyslipidemia

A

Increased:
Non-HDL (LDL, TG, TC)
ApoB
LDL-P
Decreased:
HDL

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10
Q

AHA approved non-fasted lipid panel if…

A

Measuring initial risk
Pt not on lipid lowering tx
Pt doesn’t have family hx of genetic hyperlipidemia
Pt TGs are low

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11
Q

FLP includes…

A

TC
TG
HDL
LDL

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12
Q

Friedewald equation

A

LDL = TC - HDL - TG/5
Not valid if TG > 400

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13
Q

Lifestyle management of dyslipidemia

A

DASH diet, reduce saturated/trans fat, lower sodium, engage in moderate-low intensity workouts, increasing soluble fiber can decrease LDLs

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14
Q

Dyslipidemia medication options

A

Statins
Bile acid resins
Niacin
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
Fibrates
PCSK9 inhibitors
Inclisiran
Bempedoic acid

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15
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

Lovastatin
Pravastatin
Pitavastatin
Simvastatin
Fluvastatin
Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin

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16
Q

Lovastatin

A

Altoprev, Mevacor

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17
Q

Pravastatin

A

Pravachol

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18
Q

Pitavastatin

A

Livalo

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19
Q

Simvastatin

A

Zocor

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20
Q

Fluvastatin

A

Lescol

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21
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Lipitor

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22
Q

Rosuvastatin

A

Crestor

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23
Q

Low intensity statins

A

Simvastatin 10mg
Pravastatin 10-20mg
Lovastatin 20mg
Fluvastatin 20-40mg

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24
Q

Moderate intensity statins

A

Atorvastatin 10-20mg
Rosuvastatin 5-10mg
Simvastatin 20-40mg
Pravastatin 40-80mg
Lovastatin 40-80mg
Fluvastatin 40mg BID
Fluvastatin XL 80mg
Pitavastatin 1-4mgg

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25
Q

High intensity statins

A

Atorvastatin 40-80mg
Rosuvastatin 20-40mg

26
Q

Lipophilic statins

A

Fluvastatin
Pitavastatin
Lovastatin
Simvastatin
Atorvastatin

27
Q

Hydrophilic statins

A

Pravastatin
Rosuvastatin

28
Q

Statin contraindications

A

Pregnancy, breastfeeding, acute liver disease

29
Q

AEs of statins

A

Muscle myopathy/pain, increased creatine kinase

30
Q

FLPs while using statins

A

Baseline test
4-12 weeks following tx initiation
Every 3-12 months prn

31
Q

Bile acid resins (BARs)

A

Cholestramine
Colestipol
Colesevelam

32
Q

Cholestyramine

A

Questran, Prevalite

33
Q

Colestipol

34
Q

Colesevelam

35
Q

BAR AEs

A

Can increase TGs
GI side effects
Impaired absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

36
Q

BAR may decrease effect of:

A

Warfarin
Digoxin
Oral contraceptives
Ezetimibe
Fibrates

37
Q

Niacin

A

Niacor, Niaspan, Slo-Niacin

38
Q

AEs of Niacin

A

Flushing, itching

39
Q

Niacin contrainidications

A

Hepatic disease
Peptic ulcer
Arterial hemorrhage

40
Q

Cholesterol absorption inhibitor

A

Ezetimibe
Ezetimibe + simvastatin

41
Q

Ezetimibe

42
Q

Ezetimibe + simvastatin

43
Q

Ezetimibe contraindications

A

Use with statin + hepatic disease
Pregnancy/breastfeeding w statin

44
Q

Fibrates AEs

A

GI effects
Rash
Dizzy

45
Q

Fibrates contraindications

A

Hx of gallbladder disease
Dialysis
Liver disease

46
Q

Fibrates increase levels of:

A

Statins
Ezetimibe
Sulfonylureas
Warfarin

47
Q

PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies

A

Alirocumab
Ecolocumab

48
Q

Alirocumab

49
Q

Evolocumab

50
Q

PCSK9 dosing

A

Injectable dosage form
Can be dosing q2-4 weeks

51
Q

PCSK9 should be considered for:

A

Stable ASCVD
High risk/statin intolerance
Further reduction of LDL after 1st tx

52
Q

Inclisiran

53
Q

Inclisiran AEs

A

Inj site reactions
UTI
URI
Diarrhea
Bronchitis

54
Q

Inclisiran dosing

A

Injectable dosage form (prefilled syringe)
q6 months -> must be admin by HCP

55
Q

Bempedoic acid

A

Nexletol, Nexlizet

56
Q

Bempedoid acid AEs

A

URTI, muscle spasm, risk of tendon rupture
Avoid use with simvastatin and pravastatin

57
Q

Red yeast rice

A

Active ingredient: lovastatin

58
Q

Lomitapide

59
Q

Lomitapide warnings

A

BBW: hepatotoxicity
Must use REMS program

60
Q

Evinacumab

A

Evkeeza
IV infusion

PHRM844 (16 decks)

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