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Cardiovascular II > Vasculitis > Flashcards

Vasculitis Flashcards

1
Q

General causes of vasculitis

A

Immune mediated inflammation
Direct invasion of vascular wall by infectious pathogens
Physical and chemical injury

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2
Q

Types of large vasculitides

A

Giant cell arteritis
Takayasu arteritis

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3
Q

Types of medium vasculitis

A

Polyarteritis nodosa
Kawasaki disease/mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome

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4
Q

Types of small vasculitides

A

Microscopic polyangiitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis/Wegner’s granulomatosis
Allergic granulomatosis with polyangiitis/Churg Strauss Syndrome
IgA vasculitis/Henock Schonlein purpura
Mixed cryoglobulinemia

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5
Q

Diagnostic marker of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegner’s granulomatosis)

A

c-ANCA/PR3-ANCA

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6
Q

Diagnostic marker of microscopic polyangiitis or allergic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg Strauss syndrome)

A

p-ANCA/MPO-ANCA

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7
Q

Main arteries affected in giant cell/temporal arteritis

A

Temporal
Vertebral
Ophthalmic

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8
Q

Vasculitis characterized by medial granulomatous inflammation centered on the internal elastic lamina, which produces elastic fragmentation

A

Giant cell/temporal arteritis

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9
Q

Vasculitis commonly associated with polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Giant cell/temporal arteritis

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10
Q

Granulomatous vasculitis of medium and large arteries that commonly involves the aortic arch

A

Takayasu arteritis

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11
Q

Large vessel vasculitis more common in females of Asian descent, under the age of 50.

A

Takayasu arteritis

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12
Q

Vasculitis of small and medium sized muscular arteries that involves renal and visceral vessels, but spares pulmonary circulation

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

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13
Q

Vasculitis associated with chronic hep B in 30% of cases

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

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14
Q

Microscopy shows segmental transmural necrotizing inflammation of small to medium sized arteries, vessels at various stages of acute and chronic inflammation, and fibrinoid necrosis in acute stages

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

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15
Q

Treatment of polyarteritis nodosa

A

Corticosteroids
Resistant cases –> cyclophosphamide

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16
Q

Acute, febrile, self-limited vasculitis in children <4 yo

A

Kawasaki disease

17
Q

Toddler-aged pt presents with conjunctival and oral erythema, strawberry tongue, blistering and edema of hands and feet, and desquamative rash of palms and soles. Microscopy shows dense transmural inflammatory infiltrate.

A

Kawasaki disease

18
Q

Increased risk of what is associated with Kawasaki disease

A

Coronary A aneurysms

19
Q

Treatment for Kawasaki disease

A

IV immunoglobulin
Aspirin –> reduce risk of coronary A aneurysm

20
Q

Pt presents with palpable purpura, renal disease, and GIT bleeding. They have asthma. Chest x-ray shows lung infiltrates. They have increased serum IgE.

A

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with angiitis (Churg Strauss)

21
Q

Small vessel necrotizing vasculitis with MPO-ANCAs present in <50% of cases.

A

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with angiitis (Churg Strauss)

22
Q

Most common vasculitis in children (1-15 yo)

A

Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (Henoch Schoenlein purpura)

23
Q

Vasculitis associated with HLA-B51

A

Behcet disease

24
Q

Triad of Behcet disease

A

Recurrent oral aphthous ulcers
Genital ulcers
Uveitis
(can’t kiss, can’t pee, can’t see)

25
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis that generally affects capillaries where all lesions tend to be the same age. Associated with MPO-ANCA in most cases.

A

Microscopic polyangiitis

26
Q

Necrotizing glomerulonephritis in 90%. MPO-ANCA positive.

A

Microscopic polyangiitis

27
Q

Vasculitis characterized by necrotizing granulomas of URT and/or LRT, necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of small/medium vessels, and focal necrotizing/crescentic glomerulonephritis.

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

28
Q

Vasculitis that is a form of T cell mediated hypersensitivity. Associated with PR3-ANCA in 95% of cases.

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

29
Q

Microscopy of lungs show granulomas with geographic patterns of central necrosis and accompanying vasculitis. Granulomas coalesce, forming cavitary nodules. CXR shows large nodular densities

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

30
Q

Pt presents with chronic sinusitis, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and hematuria. They have a nasal septum perforation on exam. They are positive for PR3-ANCA.

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

31
Q

Segmental, thrombosing, acute and chronic inflammation of medium sized and small arteries, extending into contiguous veins and nerves. Exclusively seen in male heavy cigarette smokers, <40 yo.

A

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)

32
Q

Vasculitis associated with hepatitis due to mixed IgG and IgA complex deposition. Characteristic triad of palpable purpura, weakness, and arthralgias.

A

Mixed cryoglobulinemia

33
Q

Causes of secondary Raynaud phenomenon

A

SLE
Scleroderma
Buerger disease
Atherosclerosis

34
Q
A

Cardiovascular II (29 decks)

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