Hypertension

Question 1

Nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory narrowing of medium-sized arteries in young women in childbearing age

Answer 1

Fibromuscular dysplasia

Question 2

Pathological types of fibromuscular dysplasia

Answer 2

Intimal
Medial
Adventitial

Question 3

Fibromuscular dysplasia type categorized by collagenized tunica media alternated with regions of thinned media

Answer 3

Medial type

Question 4

Angiography findings in fibromuscular dysplasia

Answer 4

Beading pattern

Question 5

Factors that contribute to idiopathic HTN

Answer 5

Reduced renal sodium excretion
Obesity
Stress
Smoking
Increased salt intake
Lack of physical exercise

Question 6

Adrenal causes of secondary HTN

Answer 6

Cushing syndrome
Pheochromocytoma
Neuroblastoma
11-Hydroxylase deficiency
Primary aldosteronism (Conn syndrome)

Question 7

Aortic causes of secondary HTN

Answer 7

Post-ductal coarctation
Decreased elasticity in older adults

Question 8

CNS cause of secondary HTN

Answer 8

Intracranial hypertension

Question 9

Drugs that cause secondary hypertension

Answer 9

OCP
Cocaine

Question 10

Parathyroid cause of secondary HTN

Answer 10

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Question 11

Cause of preeclampsia in pregnancy

Answer 11

Increased production of angiotensin II

Question 12

Values of malignant HTN

Answer 12

> 200/120

Question 13

Complications of malignant HTN

Answer 13

Renal failure
Retinal hemorrhages and exudates, with or without papilledema

Question 14

Cause of HTN with low renin, high aldosterone, high serum Na, low serum K, and an alkaline pH

Answer 14

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Question 15

Causes of HTN with high renin, high aldosterone, high Na, low K, and alkaline pH

Answer 15

Renal ischemia
Decreased intravascular volume
Pheochromocytoma
Secondary hyperaldosteronism

Question 16

Diseases associated with hyaline arteriolosclerosis

Answer 16

Diabetic microangiopathy
Nephrosclerosis due to chronic HTN

Question 17

Microscopy of vessels show concentric, laminated, thickening of the walls with luminal narrowing. The laminations consist of smooth muscle cells with thickened, reduplicated basement membrane

Answer 17

Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis

Question 18

Renal vascular disorder associated with malignant or accelerated HTN

Answer 18

Malignant nephrosclerosis

Question 19

CVS complications of HTN

Answer 19

LV hypertrophy
Acute MI
Atherosclerosis

Question 20

CNS complications of HTN

Answer 20

Intracerebral hematoma –> rupture of Charchot-Bouchard aneurysms
Berry aneurysms
Lacunar infarcts

Question 21

Renal complications of HTN

Answer 21

Benign nephrosclerosis
Malignant HTN

Question 22

Ocular complication of HTN

Answer 22

Hypertensive retinopathy