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Cardiovascular II > Murmurs > Flashcards

Murmurs Flashcards

1
Q

Ohm’s law of hydrodynamics

A

Flow equals the change in pressure over resistance

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2
Q

Poisseulle-Hagen equation

A

Flow = deltaP x pi r^4 x viscosity x L

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3
Q

Point at which laminar flow becomes turbulent

A

Reynold’s number = (2 DxVelocityxDensity) over viscosity

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4
Q

Reynold’s number where flow becomes highly turbulent

A

> 3,000

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5
Q

Reynold’s number where flow is laminar

A

<2,000

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6
Q

Differentials for systolic murmur heard over the aortic area

A

Aortic stenosis
Aortic valve sclerosis
Physiologic

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7
Q

Differentials for systolic ejection murmur heard over the pulmonic area

A

Pulmonic stenosis

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8
Q

Differentials for diastolic murmur heard over the left sternal border

A

Aortic regurgitation
Pulmonic regurgitation

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9
Q

Differentials for systolic murmur heard over the left sternal border

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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10
Q

Differentials for diastolic murmur heard over the tricuspid area

A

ASD
Tricuspid stenosis

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11
Q

Differentials for systolic murmur heard over the tricuspid area

A

Tricuspid regurgitation
VSD

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12
Q

Differentials for holosystolic murmur heard over the mitral area

A

Mitral regurgitation

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13
Q

Differentials for diastolic murmur heard over the mitral area

A

Mitral stenosis

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14
Q

Differentials for systolic murmur heard over the mitral area

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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15
Q

Maneuvers that increase preload/venous return

A

Squatting
Passive leg raise
Volume administration (IV fluid)

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16
Q

Maneuvers that increase afterload

A

Squatting
Vasopressors
Sustained hand grip
Transient arterial occlusion (BP cuff on both UE)

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17
Q

Maneuvers that decrease preload/venous return

A

Valsalva maneuver
Standing
Rapid standing from squat
Nitroglycerin

18
Q

Maneuver to decrease afterload

A

Inhaled amyl nitrite

19
Q

Murmurs that increase with increased preload

A

Aortic stenosis and regurgitation
Mitral stenosis and regurgitation

20
Q

Murmurs that decrease with increased preload

A

HOCM - hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Mitral valve prolapse

21
Q

Murmurs that increase with increased afterload

A

Mitral regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation

22
Q

Murmurs that decrease with increased preload

A

Aortic stenosis
HOCM
Mitral valve prolapse

23
Q

Murmurs that increase with decreased preload

A

HOCM
Mitral valve prolapse

24
Q

Murmurs that decrease with decreased preload

A

Aortic stenosis and regurgitation
Mitral stenosis and regurgitation

25
Q

Murmurs that decrease with decreased afterload

A

Mitral regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation

26
Q

Murmurs that increase with decreased afterload

A

Aortic stenosis
HOCM
Mitral valve prolapse

27
Q

Murmurs that increase with squatting

A

Mitral regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation and stenosis

28
Q

Affect of squatting on murmur of mitral valve prolapse

A

Delayed click and shortening

29
Q

Murmur decreased by squatting

A

HOCM
Mitral valve prolapse

30
Q

Murmur increased by sustained hand grip

A

Mitral regurgitation

31
Q

Murmurs decreased by sustained hand grip

A

HOCM
Mitral valve prolapse
Aortic stenosis

32
Q

Signs of adequacy of Valsalva maneuver

A

Neck V distension
Increased tone of abdominal wall muscles
Flushed face

33
Q

Effect of Valsalva maneuver

A

Acute increase in intrathoracic and abdominal pressure resulting in decreased venous return to RA

34
Q

Murmurs that are decreased in Valsalva maneuver

A

Aortic stenosis and regurgitation
Mitral stenosis and regurgitation

35
Q

Murmurs that are increase in Valsalva maneuver

A

HOCM
Mitral valve stenosis

36
Q

Murmurs increased after administration of inhaled amyl nitrite

A

Aortic stenosis
HOCM
Mitral valve prolapse

37
Q

Affect of inspiration on murmurs

A

Increased intensity of R sided murmurs

38
Q

Affect of expiration on murmurs

A

Increased intensity of L sided murmurs

39
Q

Murmur type that is not affected by changes in afterload

A

Mitral stenosis

40
Q
A

Cardiovascular II (29 decks)

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