Vasculature and development of CNS

Question 1

signs and symptoms of a brain attack

Answer 1

sudden weakness or numbness in face, arms, or legs, confusion, vision problems, dizziness, severe headache

Question 2

path of internal carotid system

Answer 2

emerges through carotid canal and proceeds through cavernous sinus

Question 3

after cavernous sinus, branches into

Answer 3

ophthalmic, posterior communicating artery, anterior choroidal artery

Question 4

two terminal branches bifurcate at rostral midbrain

Answer 4

middle cerebral and anterior cerebral

Question 5

path of vertebral artery system

Answer 5

branch off subclavian, ascend through transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae, travel beside medulla and form basilar artery

Question 6

branches off vertebral artery

Answer 6

anterior spinal, posterior inferior cerebellar, posterior spinal

Question 7

branches off basilar

Answer 7

anterior inferior cerebellar, labrynthie, pontine, superior cerebellar, posterior cerebral

Question 8

branches of middle cerebral artery and supplies

Answer 8

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital (supply lateral aspect of hemispheres) and lenticulostriatal (supply part of basal ganglia)

Question 9

anterior cerebral artery supplies

Answer 9

medial 2/3 cortex; through lateral fissure

Question 10

ophthalmic artery supplies

Answer 10

eye, orbital contents, frontal scalp, part of nose

Question 11

posterior communicating artery

Answer 11

medial thalamic surface and walls of third ventricle

Question 12

anterior choroidal artery supplies

Answer 12

(*most important) posterior portion of internal capsule, part of basal ganglia, thalamus, midbrain

Question 13

anterior spinal artery supplies

Answer 13

anterior 2/3 of spinal cord (motor)

Question 14

PICA supplies

Answer 14

posterior cerebellar hemisphere, dorsolateral medulla

Question 15

posterior spinal artery supplies

Answer 15

posterior 1/3 of spinal cord

Question 16

AICA supplies

Answer 16

inferior cerebellum, cerebellar nuclei, portions of pons and medulla

Question 17

labyrinthine artery supplies

Answer 17

inner ear

Question 18

pontine artery supplies

Answer 18

ventral pons

Question 19

superior cerebellar artery supplies

Answer 19

cerebellar cortex, cerebellar nuclei, superior cerebellar peduncle, midbrain, pons

Question 20

posterior cerebral artery supplies

Answer 20

inferior temporal lobe, posterior 1/3 of medial surface of diencephalon, midbrain

Question 21

internal carotid artery is a common site for development of

Answer 21

atheromatous plaques

Question 22

what are atheromatous plaques

Answer 22

carotid turbulence can be heard when listening; sign of partial blockage

Question 23

major strokes can occur here (and are usually preceded by transient ischemic attacks)

Answer 23

internal carotid artery

Question 24

most often affected by a cerebrovascular accident

Answer 24

middle cerebral artery

Question 25

occlusion here causes hemiplegia and sensory deficits (also behavioral disturbances and apraxia)

Answer 25

main anterior cerebral artery

Question 26

syndrome associated with PICA

Answer 26

wallenberg’s syndrome - disrupts supply to lateral medulla

Question 27

syndrome associated with basilar artery

Answer 27

locked in syndrome

Question 28

what is locked in syndrome

Answer 28

complete paralysis of all 4 extremities, intact sensation and cognitive function; speech is lost, eye movement may be present

Question 29

occlusions here result in visual field deficits

Answer 29

posterior cerebral artery: occipital branch

Question 30

occlusion here can result in thalamic pain syndrome

Answer 30

posterior cerebral artery: thalamic branches

Question 31

what is thalamic pain syndrome

Answer 31

excessive pain in 1/2 of the body; artery is compressed during increased intracranial pressure causing significant visual problems

Question 32

occurs when blood enters the subarachnoid space

Answer 32

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 33

most common cause of a subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 33

rupture of an aneurysm (swelling of arterial walls) on a cerebral artery

Question 34

congenital malformation of cerebral arteries and veins

Answer 34

arteriovenous malformation

Question 35

anatomical and physiological complex that controls the movement of substances from the extracellular fluid of the body to the extracellular fluid of the brain

Answer 35

blood-brain barrier

Question 36

blood-brain barrier prevents

Answer 36

infections and antibiotics from entering the brain (which can be good or bad respectively)

Question 37

largest perforating branch from the proximal anterior cerebral artery

Answer 37

recurrent artery of huebner (medial striate artery)

Question 38

recurrent artery of huebner (medial striate artery) supplies

Answer 38

basal ganglia and anterior internal capsule

Question 39

injuries to middle cerebral artery affects which extremity more

Answer 39

upper