Vasculature and development of CNS Flashcards
signs and symptoms of a brain attack
sudden weakness or numbness in face, arms, or legs, confusion, vision problems, dizziness, severe headache
path of internal carotid system
emerges through carotid canal and proceeds through cavernous sinus
after cavernous sinus, branches into
ophthalmic, posterior communicating artery, anterior choroidal artery
two terminal branches bifurcate at rostral midbrain
middle cerebral and anterior cerebral
path of vertebral artery system
branch off subclavian, ascend through transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae, travel beside medulla and form basilar artery
branches off vertebral artery
anterior spinal, posterior inferior cerebellar, posterior spinal
branches off basilar
anterior inferior cerebellar, labrynthie, pontine, superior cerebellar, posterior cerebral
branches of middle cerebral artery and supplies
frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital (supply lateral aspect of hemispheres) and lenticulostriatal (supply part of basal ganglia)
anterior cerebral artery supplies
medial 2/3 cortex; through lateral fissure
ophthalmic artery supplies
eye, orbital contents, frontal scalp, part of nose
posterior communicating artery
medial thalamic surface and walls of third ventricle
anterior choroidal artery supplies
(*most important) posterior portion of internal capsule, part of basal ganglia, thalamus, midbrain
anterior spinal artery supplies
anterior 2/3 of spinal cord (motor)
PICA supplies
posterior cerebellar hemisphere, dorsolateral medulla
posterior spinal artery supplies
posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
AICA supplies
inferior cerebellum, cerebellar nuclei, portions of pons and medulla
labyrinthine artery supplies
inner ear
pontine artery supplies
ventral pons
superior cerebellar artery supplies
cerebellar cortex, cerebellar nuclei, superior cerebellar peduncle, midbrain, pons
posterior cerebral artery supplies
inferior temporal lobe, posterior 1/3 of medial surface of diencephalon, midbrain
internal carotid artery is a common site for development of
atheromatous plaques
what are atheromatous plaques
carotid turbulence can be heard when listening; sign of partial blockage
major strokes can occur here (and are usually preceded by transient ischemic attacks)
internal carotid artery
most often affected by a cerebrovascular accident
middle cerebral artery
occlusion here causes hemiplegia and sensory deficits (also behavioral disturbances and apraxia)
main anterior cerebral artery
syndrome associated with PICA
wallenberg’s syndrome - disrupts supply to lateral medulla
syndrome associated with basilar artery
locked in syndrome
what is locked in syndrome
complete paralysis of all 4 extremities, intact sensation and cognitive function; speech is lost, eye movement may be present
occlusions here result in visual field deficits
posterior cerebral artery: occipital branch
occlusion here can result in thalamic pain syndrome
posterior cerebral artery: thalamic branches
what is thalamic pain syndrome
excessive pain in 1/2 of the body; artery is compressed during increased intracranial pressure causing significant visual problems
occurs when blood enters the subarachnoid space
subarachnoid hemorrhage
most common cause of a subarachnoid hemorrhage
rupture of an aneurysm (swelling of arterial walls) on a cerebral artery
congenital malformation of cerebral arteries and veins
arteriovenous malformation
anatomical and physiological complex that controls the movement of substances from the extracellular fluid of the body to the extracellular fluid of the brain
blood-brain barrier
blood-brain barrier prevents
infections and antibiotics from entering the brain (which can be good or bad respectively)
largest perforating branch from the proximal anterior cerebral artery
recurrent artery of huebner (medial striate artery)
recurrent artery of huebner (medial striate artery) supplies
basal ganglia and anterior internal capsule
injuries to middle cerebral artery affects which extremity more
upper
