Random/consolidation Flashcards
thalamus groups
functional (sensory), motor, limbic, multimodal, intralminar
limbic group function
emotions and memory
multimodal group function
sensory processing
intralaminar group function
regulation of consciousness and pain
function of midbrain
visual/auditory/motor, pain
function of pons
respiration and consciousness
function of medulla
cardiovascular, motor, speech, balance
spina bifida occulta
tuft of hair
meningocele
meninges bulging, can be repaired
meningomyelocele
meninges and tissue bulging, more serious when there is a bony defect (allows spinal cord to move)
rachischisis/anencephalic
no development of neural tube/spinal cord, can be born without a brain
components of epithalamus
paired habenular trigones, habenular commissure, pineal gland
parts of limbic lobe
amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and cingulate gyrus, uncus
corticospinal tract
white matter motor pathway starting at the cerebral cortex that terminates on lower motor neurons and interneurons in the spinal cord, controlling movements of the limbs and trunk
corticobulbar tract
a two-neuron white matter motor pathway connecting the motor cortex in the cerebral cortex to the medullary pyramids
what separates the 2 cerebellar hemispheres
vermis
situated on the ventral aspect of the cerebellum
flocculonodular lobe
the flocculonodular lobe is formed by
nodulus (middle) and flocculus (lateral)
regions where the arachnoid and pia separate to form spaces which contain substantial amounts of CSF
subarachnoid cisterns
examples of subarachnoid cisterns
cisterna magna and lumbar cistern
neurons in ventral horn gray matter
alpha motor, gamma motor, interneurons
neurons in lateral horn gray matter
visceral preganglionic motor (part of ANS)
neurons in dorsal horn gray matter
sensory neurons
ventral white commissure function
pain and temperature
dorsolateral tract of lissauer function
short asc/desc fibers, info relating to pain
fasciculus proprius function
intersegmental reflexes
fasciculus gracilis function
carries information from lower limb and lower trunk
fasciculus cuneatus function
carries information from upper limb and upper trunk
fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus are in which column
dorsal column of white matter
sits in tectorial notch
midbrain
similarities in hematomas
Symptoms are caused by pressure on the brain, NOT anoxia
Both can be fatal if not properly tended to
Both are within layers of the dura`
differences in hematomas
Epidural = artery bleed (rapid) Subdural = vein bleed (slow)
example of communicating hydrocephalus
after subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningitis
example of non-communicating hydrocephalus
Bulging of meninges in spinal cord/brain matter block flow -
Congenital narrowing of cerebral aqueduct,
spina bifida, TBI
common site for development of atheromatous plaques and strokes preceded by TIAs
internal carotid artery
most often affected by a cerebrovascular accident (hemiplegia, apraxia, aphasia) UPPER
middle cerebral artery
occlusion causes hemiplegia and sensory deficits, also behavioral differences and apraxia LOWER
main anterior cerebral artery
ventral white matter column
ascending and descending sensory and motor
lateral white matter column
ascending and descending sensory and motor
dorsal white matter column
ascending sensory
cranial nerves in diencephalon region
olfactory, optic
cranial nerves in midbrain region
oculomotor, trochlear
cranial nerve in pons region
trigeminal
cranial nerves in between pons and medulla
abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear
cranial nerves in medulla region
glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal, spinal accessory
ascending tracts are
sensory
descending tracts are
motor
what nuclei exist in the open medulla
Reticular and inferior olivary
what nuclei exist in the closed medulla
Gracile, cuneate, reticular
Is the red nucleus in the more rostral or caudal portion of the midbrain
rostral
Where does the corticobulbar tract end?
Open medulla
What are the 5 developmental brain regions from rostral to caudal?
Telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon
posterior circulation to the brain
basilar artery and vertebral artery
anterior circulation to the brain
internal carotid artery (from common carotid)
injuries to main anterior cerebral artery affects which extremity more
lower
