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Neuroscience Exam I > Spinal Cord Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

gray matter =

A

cell bodies

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2
Q

gray matter is composed mostly of

A

neuronal cell bodies, capillaries, and some support cells

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3
Q

dorsal white matter column boundaries

A

medially - dorsal median sulcus

laterally - dorsolateral sulcus

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4
Q

dorsal white matter column consists of

A

fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus

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5
Q

dorsal white matter column contains

A

only sensory ascending tracts

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6
Q

lateral white matter column location

A

between dorsal and ventral roots

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7
Q

lateral white matter column contains

A

ascending and descending fiber tracts

both sensory and motor fibers

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8
Q

ventral white matter column location

A

between ventral roots and ventral median fissure

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9
Q

ventral white matter column contains

A

both ascending and descending sensory and motor tracts

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10
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves

A

31 pairs

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11
Q

spinal cord segments

A 
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
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12
Q

which spinal cord segments are part of the lumbar and cervical enlargements

A

cervical - C5-T1

lumbar - L2-S2

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13
Q

4 types of neurons found in spinal cord gray matter

A
  1. interneurons
  2. motor neurons
  3. sensory neurons
  4. preganglionic autonomic neurons
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14
Q

location of interneurons

A

everywhere

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15
Q

characteristics of interneurons

A

short axons, receive info, send info a short distance, help shape CNS function

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16
Q

location of motor neurons

A

ventral horn only

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17
Q

characteristics of motor neurons

A

alpha - striated
gamma - special receptors in muscle
innervate skeletal muscle fibers

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18
Q

location of sensory neurons

A

dorsal horn only

19
Q

characteristics of sensory neurons

A

axons form ascending sensory white matter tracts

others integrate

20
Q

location of preganglionic motor neurons

A

lateral horns (T1-L2 and S2-S4)

21
Q

characteristics of preganglionic motor neurons

A

axons form part of output pathway of autonomic nervous system

22
Q

4 types of dorsal horn nuclei

A
  1. substantia gelatinosa
  2. nucleus proprius
  3. nucleus dorsalis
  4. visceral afferent nucleus
23
Q

location/function of substantia gelatinosa

A 
location - apex of dorsal horn
function - pain modulation
24
Q

location/function of nucleus proprius

A 
location - dorsal horn (largest nucleus)
function - transmission of pain and temperature
25
Q

location/function of nucleus dorsalis (clark’s nucleus)

A 
location - medial base of dorsal horn, spinal cord segments C8-L3
function - related proprioceptive info
26
Q

location/function of visceral afferent nucleus

A 
location - lateral to nucleus dorsalis in dorsal horn, spinal cord segments T1-L2, S2-4
function - receives visceral sensory dorsal root fibers (input part of ANS)
27
Q

which spinal cord segments contain a lateral horn

A

T1-L2 and S2-S4 (forms intermediolateral cell column)

28
Q

what kind of neurons are located in the lateral horn

A

visceral preganglionic motor neurons

29
Q

function of visceral preganglionic motor neurons

A

part of the ANS

30
Q

why kind of neurons are located in the ventral horn

A
  1. alpha motor neurons (large)
  2. gamma motor neurons (small)
  3. interneurons
31
Q

function of ventral horn neurons

32
Q

names of 3 white matter bundles not part of 3 major white matter columns

A
  1. ventral white commissure
  2. dorsolateral tract of lissauer
  3. fascicles proprius
33
Q

function of ventral white commissure

A

pain and temperature

allows sensory pain info to cross midline of spinal cord

34
Q

function of dorsolateral tract of lissauer

A

short ascending and descending fibers carrying info relating to pain

35
Q

function of fasciculus proprius

A

short ascending and descending fibers that connect spinal segments and are important for intersegmental reflexes

36
Q

syringomyelia

A

Causes a lesion around the central canal of the spinal cord
Usually present in the cervical cord region (The lesion starts centrally affecting medial structures then grows out laterally)

37
Q

syringomyelia destroys

A

ventral white commissure and the alpha and gamma motor neurons in the ventral gray matter

38
Q

spina bifida

A

Congenital malformation of neural tube development

Results in incompletely formed spinal cord and sometimes malformations of vertebral segments

39
Q

signs/symptoms of spina bifida

A

varying degrees of paralysis,
absence of skin sensation,
poor or absent bowel and/or bladder control
Curvature of spine (scoliosis)

40
Q

4 presentations of spina bifida

A
  1. spina bifida occulta
  2. meningocele
  3. meningomyelocele
  4. rachischisis/anencaphalic
41
Q

beginning/end of spinal cord

A

Begins: foramen magnum
Ends: approximately L2 in adults

42
Q

Spinal Cord Neural Segment

A

Part of spinal cord which receives or gives dorsal and ventral rootlets for a single pair of spinal nerves

43
Q

Lesion in Gray Matter

A

Impairments are segmental:
only affecting structures innervated by that particular section of grey matter
Ex) Lesion in gray matter of C5 → you impair ONLY the muscles innervated by C5

44
Q

Lesion in White Matter

A

The lesion in white matter affects all functions of all structures below the level of the lesion
Destroys function of cell bodies that they originated from
White matter spreads
Ex) Complete lesion of C5 → paralysis in every section the tract is heading to below

Neuroscience Exam I (6 decks)

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