Vasculature

Question 1

Vascular SM contraction process

Answer 1

Ref. drawing

Question 2

Ca2+ and vascular contraction

Answer 2

ref. drawing

Question 3

NO mediated vasodilation

Answer 3

ref. drawing

Question 4

endothelium derived hyperpolarisation

Answer 4

ref. drawing

Question 5

Other mechanisms for vasodilation

Answer 5

beta 2/PGI2/adenosine receptor activation->adenylate cyclase->cAMP->PKA (similar to PKG causes vasodilation)
EETS activates K+ channels->hyperpolarisation and relaxation

Question 6

Effects of metabolites

Answer 6

Autoregulation: metabolites constantly produced->increase flow->metabolites wash out->reduce vasodilation->increase vascular tone and local resistance->flow brought down
Metabolic hyperaemia: exercise increases metabolism->more vasodilating factors produced
Reactive hyperaemia: blood flow cut offf->vasodilating substances build up–>blood flow increases–>metabolites washed out