Intro to cardiovascular system

Question 1

PQRST what does it mean

Answer 1

P-depolarisation spread to the atria, arial contraction
Between P and Q-depolarisation is conducted through AVN
QRS–ventricular contraction
T–Ventricular relaxation

Question 2

How does depolarisation differ between SAN and ventricles?

Answer 2

SAN–Ca2+ entry (upwards), K+loss (downwwards)

other areas e.g. ventricles - (Na+ entry (upwards), Ca2+ entry (sloping down), K+ loss (downwards))

Question 3

Cardiac cycle process

Answer 3

Atrial systole, Isovolumetric ventricular systole, rapid ventricular ejection, redduced ventricular contraction, isovolumetric ventricular relaxation, rapid ventricular filling, reduced ventricular filling

Question 4

MAP==

Answer 4

diastolic+(systolic-diastolic)/3

Question 5

change in pressure=

Answer 5

=COxTPR

Question 6

CVP determinants

Answer 6

Bllod volume, vvenous constriction, posture

Question 7

Regulation of vascular system

Answer 7

1. ANS (SNS alpha receptor, PNS muscarinic NANC)
2. circulating hormone - adrenaline, angiotensin, vasopressin
3. Intrinsic mechanisms - local hormones, metabolites