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Gross Anatomy > Vascular System > Flashcards

Vascular System Flashcards

1
Q

How much blood does the heart pumps through the body each hour?

A

100 gallons

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2
Q

What does the vascular system deliver throughout the body? (6 answers)

A

Blood cells: RBCs, WBCs, platelets
Nutrients
Antibodies
Complement proteins
Hormones
Electrolyte balance

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3
Q

What body functions does the vascular system help to regulate?

A

Body temperature
Blood flow

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4
Q

How do vasoconstriction and vasodilation help on regulating body temperature?

A

Vasoconstriction retains heat
Vasodilation radiates heat

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5
Q

Describe the function of arteries.

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body (O2, nutrients, hormones)

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6
Q

Describe the function of veins.

A

Carry deoxygenated blood from the body back into the heart (CO2, metabolic waste)

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7
Q

Describe the function of capillaries.

A

Blood vessels between arteries and veins
Substance exchange

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8
Q

Describe the function of lymph vessels.

A

Carry lymphatic fluid
Filtering and draining lymph away from each region of the body

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9
Q

What are the 5 types of blood vessels?

A

Artery
Anterioles
Venules
Vein
Capillaries

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10
Q

Describe the structure of an artery.

A

Thicker muscular elastic walls to help pump blood
Narrow lumen (opening)
Tunica externa
Tunica media (smooth muscle)
Tunica interna (endothelium)

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11
Q

Describe the structure of a vein.

A

Thinner muscular walls
Tunica externa
Tunica Media (smooth muscle)
Wide lumen
Tunica interna (endothelium)
Valves prevent back flow of blood

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12
Q

Describe the flow/exchange that occurs within capillaries.

A

From artery
RBCs release oxygen and nutrients to body cells
RBC with no oxygen receive CO2 and Wastes from body cells
To vein

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

A

Continuous capillaries (blood-brain and blood-retina barrier)
Fenestrated capillaries (choroid)
Open pore capillaries/sinusoids

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14
Q

What are the aorta segments?

A

Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Descending thoracic aorta
Suprarenal aorta
Infrarenal aorta

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15
Q

What are baroreceptors?

A

Baro: relating to pressure
Sense pressure changes by responding to change in the tension of arterial wall

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16
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

Sense changes in arterial O2, CO2, pH
Give feedback to brain to regulate breathing and blood pressure

17
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric artery travel?

A

From duodenum to the transverse colon

18
Q

Where does inferior mesenteric artery travel?

A

From descending colon to rectum

19
Q

Describe the portal systems.

A

Blood flows though 2 consecutive capillary networks before returning to heart.
1. Between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
2. In kidneys
3. Between intestines to liver

20
Q

What connects the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava?

A

Azygos vein

21
Q

What vein so phlebotomists draw blood from?

A

Median Cubital
(Cephalon vein and basilic vein)

22
Q

Which branches of the aorta are unpaired?

A

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric arteries
Inferior mesenteric arteries

23
Q

Where are the arterial pulse point located?

A

Temporal
Carotid
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Dorsalis pedis
Posterior tibial

24
Q

From what artery is blood pressure measured?

A

Brachial artery

25
Q

What is Fundus Fluorescein Angiography?

A

Identifies the pattern of blood flow in the two layers of the back portion of the eye (retina and choroid).

26
Q

Describe the flow of the lymphatic system.

A

Lymph returns proteins and excess interstitial fluid to the blood stream, lymph nodes, then to venous system

27
Q

Describe the venous angle.

A

Junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins at both sides of the neck
The left venous angle receives lymph from the thoracic duct
The right venous angle receives lymph from the right lymphatic trunk

28
Q

Where does the the thoracic duct drain fluid from and into?

A

Drains lymph fluid from the rest of the body, into L subclavian V, at L venous angle

29
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain lymph fluid from and into?

A

Drains lymph fluid from upper R section of the trunk, R arm, R side of the head and neck

Into R subclavian vein, at R venous angle

30
Q

What is palpated in a case of viral conjunctivitis?

A

Preauricular lymph nodes

Gross Anatomy (7 decks)

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