Skull Flashcards
Describe the skull.
How many cranial and facial bones does it contain?
Bony structure that forms the head
Supports facial structures
Forms cavity of brain
8 cranial bones (neurocranium), 14 facial bones (viscerocranium), 22 in total
What are facial bones what do they support and protect?
Protect and support the entrances to the digestive and respiratory tracts
Describe the cranial bones. What do they support and protect?
Surround and protect the brain
What is the Pterion?
A point of convergence of the sutures between the frontal, sphenoid, parietal, and squamous temporal bones
What is a epidural hematoma?
Occurs when blood accumulates between the skull and the dura mater, the thick membrane covering the brain.
What is the middle meningeal artery?
Provides blood to the dura mater through and through its branching arteries also supplies the periosteum of the inner aspects of the cranial bones.
What is a meatus?
A passage or opening leading to the inferior of the body.
What is contained in the zygomatic arch?
Zygomatic process of temporal bone
Temporal process of zygomatic bone
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
- Olfactory
- Optic
- Oculomotor (eye movement, pupil)
- Trochlear (eye movement)
- Trigeminal (face sensation)
- Abducens (Eye movement)
- Facial
- Vestibulocochlear (hearing and balance)
- Glossopharyngeal (taste, throat, swallowing)
- Vagus (abdominal)
- Accessory (neck)
- Hypoglossal (abdominal)
How is the cranial fossae organized? What innervates the 3 different portions?
Anterior: CN 1
Middle: CN 2-6
Posterior: CN 7-12
What is contained in the ethmoid bone?
Crista galli
Cribriform plate
What is contained in the frontal bone?
Frontal crest
Orbital part
What is contained in the sphenoid bone?
Lesser wing
Body
Greater wing
Dorsum sellae
What is contained in the temporal bone?
Squamous part
Petrous part
What is contained in the sella turcica?
Tuberculum sellae
Hypophysial fossa
Dorsum sellae
Anterior clinoid process
What sits in the sella turcica?
Pituitary gland
What part of the skull can a pituitary tumor affect?
Can press on the optic nerve
Can press on optic chiasm (region where the optic nerves from each eye merge)
What are the functions of the semicircular canals and cochlea.
Balance
Hearing
The temporal bone and external acoustic meatus (ear canal) are contained what part of the ear?
Outer ear
The tympanic membrane (eardrum) is contained in what part of the ear?
Middle ear
The vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve are contained in what part of the ear?
Inner ear
What nerve cross the internal acoustic meatus together?
Facial and vestibulocochlear nerves
Where does the internal jugular vein enter the skull?
At the jugular foramen
What nerves enter into the jugular foramen?
CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)
CN 10 (vagus)
CN 11 (accessory)
Where do the three division of the trigeminal nerve meet?
Where does it enter and leave?
Trigeminal ganglion
At the pons within the brainstem
What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?
What are its 3 division?
Sensation in the face and motor functions (biting and chewing)
Ophthalmic nerve (V1), Maxillary nerve (V2), Mandibular nerve (V3)
What is the function of the opthalmic nerve (V1)?
Carries sensory information from the scalp and forehead, the upper eyelid, conjunctiva and cornea, the nose (including the tip of the nose)
What is the function of the maxillary nerve (V2)?
Carries sensory information from the lower eyelid and cheek, the nares and upper lip
What is the function of the mandibular nerve (V3)?
Carries sensory information from the lower lip, the lower teeth and gums, the chin and jaw
The motor component innervates the masseter and temporalis muscle
