Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Question 1

What is the hierarchy level in plants (largest to smallest form)?

Answer 1

1. Organs
2. Tissues
3. Cells

Question 2

What are the organs in a plant? What is the function of each?

Answer 2

Root- anchor and absorb
Stem- support and elevate
Leave- provide surface area

Question 3

What are the tissues in a plant? What is the function of each?

Answer 3

Dermal- protect organs
Vascular- supports and transports
Ground- carries out photosynthesis

Question 4

What are the cells in the plant? What is the function of each?

Answer 4

Photosynthesis cells- contain chloroplasts
Tube- shaped cells- transport resources
Cells with root hairs- increase surface area

Question 5

What are the 2 systems in a plant?

Answer 5

Shoot system

Root system

Question 6

What is a taproot?

Answer 6

Root that extends straight down and acts as an anchor

Question 7

What are lateral (branch) roots?

Answer 7

Roots that branch and add stability

Question 8

What makes up a leaf?

Answer 8

Blade and petiole

Question 9

What is a node?

Answer 9

Where a leaf comes out from the stem

Question 10

What is internode?

Answer 10

Distance between nodes

Question 11

What is the apical bud?

Answer 11

The primary growing point on a plant

Question 12

What is a axillary bud?

Answer 12

Other buds/ growing points that are below the apical bud and are restricted in growth

Question 13

What do roots do? (3)

Answer 13

1. Anchor plants in the ground
2. Collect water and nutrients
3. Provide food/ food storage

Question 14

What is the 1. stress 2. form 3. function of buttress roots

Answer 14

1. Can’t drive tap roots into the ground
2. Buttress roots (large base above ground)
3. stability

Question 15

What is the 1. stress 2. form 3. function of prop roots

Answer 15

1. Weight of crops
2. Prop roots
3. Stabilize as plant adds weight

Question 16

What is the 1. stress 2. form 3. function of storage roots

Answer 16

1. Susceptible to predators
2. Storage roots
3. Keep food underground to avoid predators

Question 17

What is the 1. stress 2. form 3. function of pneumatophores

Answer 17

1. Roots cover by water as tide changes
2. Pneumatophores
3. Provide oxygen to the tree

Question 18

What is the 1. stress 2. form 3. function of “strangling” aerial roots

Answer 18

1. Parasite
2. Strangling aerial roots
3. Choke off host tree to survive

Question 19

What do stems do? (3)

Answer 19

1. Photosynthesis (if green)
2. Food storage/ food source
3. Life branches and leaves to the sun

Question 20

Where are rhizomes and what is the advantage of them?

Answer 20

Horizontal to the ground (underground)

All the shoots will be expressed

Question 21

Where are stolons and what is the advantage of them?

Answer 21

On the ground surface

Multiple shoots form from axillary buds

Question 22

Where are tubers and what is the advantage of them?

Answer 22

Underground at the end of rhizome

Store starch

Question 23

What are the eyes on potatoes?

Answer 23

Eyes are axillary buds

Question 24

What do leaves do? (4)

Answer 24

1. Photosynthesis/ absorb sunlight
2. Protection
3. Provide food
4. Cool in heat/ exchange CO2

Question 25

What is the form of tendrils and the function of them?

Answer 25

Vine like
Anchor plants (modification of leaves)

Question 26

What is the form of spines and the function of them?

Answer 26

Spines on leaves

Protect water and nutrients within

Question 27

What is the difference between a thorn and a spine?

Answer 27

Thorns are stems and spines are leaves

Question 28

What is the form of storage leaves and the function of them?

Answer 28

Store food

Provide nutrients

Question 29

What is the form of reproductive leaves and the function of them?

Answer 29

Grow off leaflets

Create new plants from leaves