Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development Flashcards
What is the hierarchy level in plants (largest to smallest form)?
- Organs
- Tissues
- Cells
What are the organs in a plant? What is the function of each?
Root- anchor and absorb
Stem- support and elevate
Leave- provide surface area
What are the tissues in a plant? What is the function of each?
Dermal- protect organs
Vascular- supports and transports
Ground- carries out photosynthesis
What are the cells in the plant? What is the function of each?
Photosynthesis cells- contain chloroplasts
Tube- shaped cells- transport resources
Cells with root hairs- increase surface area
What are the 2 systems in a plant?
Shoot system
Root system
What is a taproot?
Root that extends straight down and acts as an anchor
What are lateral (branch) roots?
Roots that branch and add stability
What makes up a leaf?
Blade and petiole
What is a node?
Where a leaf comes out from the stem
What is internode?
Distance between nodes
What is the apical bud?
The primary growing point on a plant
What is a axillary bud?
Other buds/ growing points that are below the apical bud and are restricted in growth
What do roots do? (3)
- Anchor plants in the ground
- Collect water and nutrients
- Provide food/ food storage
What is the 1. stress 2. form 3. function of buttress roots
- Can’t drive tap roots into the ground
- Buttress roots (large base above ground)
- stability
What is the 1. stress 2. form 3. function of prop roots
- Weight of crops
- Prop roots
- Stabilize as plant adds weight
What is the 1. stress 2. form 3. function of storage roots
- Susceptible to predators
- Storage roots
- Keep food underground to avoid predators
What is the 1. stress 2. form 3. function of pneumatophores
- Roots cover by water as tide changes
- Pneumatophores
- Provide oxygen to the tree
What is the 1. stress 2. form 3. function of “strangling” aerial roots
- Parasite
- Strangling aerial roots
- Choke off host tree to survive
What do stems do? (3)
- Photosynthesis (if green)
- Food storage/ food source
- Life branches and leaves to the sun
Where are rhizomes and what is the advantage of them?
Horizontal to the ground (underground)
All the shoots will be expressed
Where are stolons and what is the advantage of them?
On the ground surface
Multiple shoots form from axillary buds
Where are tubers and what is the advantage of them?
Underground at the end of rhizome
Store starch
What are the eyes on potatoes?
Eyes are axillary buds
What do leaves do? (4)
- Photosynthesis/ absorb sunlight
- Protection
- Provide food
- Cool in heat/ exchange CO2
What is the form of tendrils and the function of them?
Vine like Anchor plants (modification of leaves)
What is the form of spines and the function of them?
Spines on leaves
Protect water and nutrients within
What is the difference between a thorn and a spine?
Thorns are stems and spines are leaves
What is the form of storage leaves and the function of them?
Store food
Provide nutrients
What is the form of reproductive leaves and the function of them?
Grow off leaflets
Create new plants from leaves
