Secondary Plant Growth

Question 1

Where does new lateral growth come from in trees?

Answer 1

Vascular cambium

Cork cambium

Question 2

Where does vascular cambium place the new wood?

Answer 2

To the middle

Question 3

Where does cork cambium place the new wood?

Answer 3

Toward the outside

Question 4

Which cambium is responsible for bark production?

Answer 4

Cork cambium

Question 5

What is the name for the tip of a plant?

Answer 5

Apex

Question 6

What kind of tissue does vascular cambium add?

Answer 6

Phleom and Xylem

Question 7

What is wood “impregnated” with?

Answer 7

Lignin

Question 8

What does cork cambium replace?

Answer 8

Epidermis (from primary growth)

Question 9

What makes up the periderm?

Answer 9

Cork and cork cambium (created in secondary growth)

Question 10

Is there more xylem or phloem in secondary growth?

Answer 10

Xylem

Question 11

Which way does xylem form? Phloem?

Answer 11

Xylem toward the middle (inside of vascular cambium)

Phloem toward the outside

Question 12

True or false… Cork cambium grows in two directions?

Answer 12

False, only grows in one direction

Question 13

Are the youngest cells closest or furthest from the cambium?

Answer 13

Closest

Question 14

What is the ground tissue found between the phloem and the cork?

Answer 14

Cortex

Question 15

What is the ground tissue found in the middle of the tree?

Answer 15

Pith

Question 16

What is primary xylem and primary phloem?

Answer 16

First year growth on a green plant or tree

Question 17

How does the cork cambium develop?

Answer 17

Parenchyma cells in the cortex

Question 18

What is the order someone would drive through a tree if a whole was cut in the middle?

Answer 18

1. Bark
2. Cork cambium
3. Phloem
4. Vascular cambium
5. Xylem
6. Pith

Question 19

What makes up the periderm?

Answer 19

Cork and cork cambium

Question 20

What makes up bark?

Answer 20

Phloem
Cork
Cork cambium

Question 21

When is spring wood formed? Are the walls thick or thin and why.

Answer 21

Spring time

Thinner to produce food from sunlight and allow for water movement

Question 22

When is late wood formed? Are the walls thick or thin and why?

Answer 22

Late summer/ early fall

Thicker since there is less need for photosynthesis, but provide support. Contain lignin

Question 23

Cork cells dead when mature and are layered which what? (3)

Answer 23

Lignin- structure
Suberin- water proofing
Tannins- bad taste

Question 24

Bark contains everything (inside or outside) the vascular cambium?

Answer 24

Outside

Question 25

What is dendrochronology?

Answer 25

Study of tree growth rings

Question 26

If rings are close, what does this mean about the environment? What if they are very spacious?

Answer 26

Close= conditions not ideal for wood creation
Spaced= favorable conditions for wood creation

Question 27

Do trees in the tropics have annual rings?

Answer 27

Growth is continuous, so no new growth rings are visible. This is due to no concrete seasonal change

Question 28

Where can one find heartwood or sapwood? What are their colors?

Answer 28

Secondary xylem
Heartwood- dark colored
Sapwood- light colored

Question 29

What is the role of heartwood? What does it contain?

Answer 29

Heartwood keeps insects out of tree

Contains resins

Question 30

What is the role of sapwood? What does it contain?

Answer 30

Sapwood carries water and minerals from roots to shoot

Contains sap

Question 31

What kind of tree has hardwood?

Answer 31

Deciduous

Question 32

What kind of tree has softwood?

Answer 32

Coniferous

Question 33

Why do beavers chew the bark and chisel into the tree?

Answer 33

Get the sugar from the phloem

Question 34

What would happen to the wording if you were to “initial” a tree?

Answer 34

Wording would space out, but it would be at the same height

Question 35

Would a tree house rise in a tree during growth?

Answer 35

No, it will be at the same height

Question 36

What would happen to a locket if it was put around a tree?

Answer 36

The chain would break due to lateral growth, or bark would grow around the locket until it was inside the wood.