Locomotion Flashcards
What is the reason for locomotion?
Travel from place to place seeking food, mates, or to avoid danger/predators
What is sessile? Who does this?
Sit in water and wait for microbes to come to the organism
Coral, hydra, sponge
In locomotion, energy is expended to overcome what? 2
Gravity and friction
What are the forces that apply in locomotion? 4
Thrust (forward)
Drag (resistance to move)
Lift (keep something in the air)
Gravity (pull downward)
What do land animals work against in locomotion?
Gravity
Is there (little or high) air resistance on land animals
Little
What is duty factory?
How much of the animal is in the ground
Order which has the lowest to highest duty factor
Trot, canter, gallop, walk
Lowest: gallop
Canter
Trot
Walk
Does crawling have a high duty factor? What force is working against it?
Yes
Friction
What is concertina? Serpentine? Sidewinder? Caterpillar?
Concertina- reach forward, pull to rear
Serpentine- undulating
Sidewinder- lateral displacement
Caterpillar- hovering forward
What is the largest force in water?
Friction
What is the shape that animals take to reduce friction?
Torpedo
What are some unique ways animals swim?
Use legs as oars
Jet propulsion
Undulate their body and tail
How is streamlined body shape helpful?
Reduce surface area
What force needs to be overcome while flying?
Gravity
What is the name of the theory that allows birds to fly?
Airfoil
What are the factors that depend on energy with locomotion?
Mode of locomotion
Environment
What can be used to estimate the energy used in locomotion?
Oxygen consumed or CO2 produced
What type of locomotion requires the least amount of energy?
Swimming
What is the correlation between locomotion and body size?
Larger size animals are more energy efficient during transportation than smaller ones with the same mode of transportation
What are the rankings of the different forms of locomotion? Most to least energy
Most: Running
Flying
Swimming
