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vascular physiology Flashcards

1
Q

composition of blood

A

relatively constant since the blood is constantly reconditioned

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2
Q

reconditioning organs and blood flow

A

recieve more blood than needed for metabolic demands
adjust extra blood flow to achieve homeostasis

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3
Q

what are the reconditioning organs

A

digestive organs, kidneys, skin

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4
Q

blood flow to non reconditioning organs and the brain

A

blood flow to other organs can be adjusted according to metabolic demands

blood flow to brain is conserved at all times

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5
Q

pressure

A

force over area
pounds per square inch Psi- car tires or kPa- atmospheric pressure

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6
Q

how is pressure in the cardiovascular system expressed

A

millimetesr of mercury mmHg- pressure exerted by a 1mm column of liquid mercury

all blood pressure values are expressed relative to atmospheric pressure

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7
Q

what drives blood flow thorugh the vascular system

A

the established pressure gradient from the aorta to the right atria

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8
Q

why is the pressure decreasing in a non closed non static system like a flowing pressure system

A

conversion of energy into heat from friction

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9
Q

F=

A

deltaP/R

delta P- pressure gradient
R- resistance of blood vessel

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10
Q

pressure gradient

A

difference in pressure between begining and end of vessel or organ

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11
Q

vascular resistance to blood flow determined what

A

how much blood - fraction of cardiac output- each organ receives

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12
Q

what is resistance produced by

A

fraction between the moving fluid and stationary walls dependant on
-blood viscosity- n
-vessel length- L
-vessel radius- r

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13
Q

major determinant of resistance to flow

A

radius of blood vessel
slight change in radius produced significant change in blood flow

R proportinal to 1/r^4

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14
Q

assumptions for poiseuilles law

A

newtonian fluid
laminal flow
no slip condition
steady flow
cyndrical vessel
rigid vessel walls

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15
Q

rapid transit ways to carry blood from heart to tissue

A

arteries

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16
Q

smaller vranches of arteries that control distribution of blood

A

arterioles

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17
Q

what consists of a closed system of vessels

A

systemic and pulmonary circulations

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18
Q

what does the vasuclar tree consist of

A

arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins

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19
Q

smaller branches off arterioles
smallest of all vessels
optimized for exchange with surrounding cells

A

capillaries

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20
Q

where blood goes after nutrient exchange
return blood to heart

A

venules

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21
Q

formed when venules enlarge

A

veins

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22
Q

three layers of blood vessels

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

23
Q

pressure resivoir

24
Q

thick, highly elastic walls, large radii

25
highly muscular well innervated walls, small radii
arterioles
26
primary resistance vessels and determine distribution of cardiac output
arterioles
27
very thin walled and large total cross sectional area
capillaries
28
site of exchange, determine distribution of extracellular fluid bw plasma and interstitial fluid
capillaries
29
thin walled compared to arteries and hightly distensible large radii
veins
30
blood resivoir passage from the heart to organs
veins
31
the layers of blood vessels
from inner to outer tunica intima tunica media tunica externa
32
what are large arteries specialized for
two functions conduits: rapid transit passageways for blood from heart to organs due to thier lrage radius, these large arteries offer little resistance to blood flow pressure resivoir: provides dirivnig force for blood hwen heart is relaxing and refilling
33
compliance or distensibility of arteries
is related to connective tissue components including: collagen fibres: provide tensile strength ellastin fibres: provide elasticity to arterial walls
34
windkessel effect
elastic recoil of blood in arteries from coming from heart and veins in the vasculature, the vascular compliance (elasticity) is analogous to the compressed air in a windkessel pump
35
blood pressure is based on
location
36
blood pressure refers to what
pressure within the large central arteries of the sytsemic circulation (aorta, brachial artery)
37
mean BP
is well sustained througout the major arteries falls across the systemic vasculature, the mean BP falling in proportion to the resistance that it encounters
38
when we speak of BP, we are usually referring to
the BP generated by the heart: the pressure that pushed blood through the circulation and to the tissues
39
inadequate BP can lead to
inadequate tissue blood flow
40
what can excessive BP cause
immadiate problems )eg. overload the hart: cause excessiev tissue blood flows, etc)
41
what happens if sustained modest elevations of BP lead to
increase the risk of cardiovascular disease
42
units of pressure
pascal
43
refers to the pressure generated as a consequence of ventricular ejection that providing the force to push blood to flow thorugh the circulation
BP
44
mean arterial pressure
diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure
45
pulse pressure
p systolic - p diastolic
46
P1-P2 =
flow x resistance
47
flow
LEFT VENTRICULAR BLOOD FLOW "CARDIAC OUTPUT"
48
REISTANCE
TOTAL PERIPHERAL VASCUALR RESISTANCE ACROSS THE ENTIRE SYSTEMIC VASCULATURE
49
pressure ahead of the resistance
P1 is arteria pressure
50
pressure after the resistance P2
is P venous
51
ohms law
P arterial - p venous = CO x TPR
52
P arterial aka BP =
CO x TPR bc p venous is normally veru small
53
what can cause BP to change
changes in CO or TPR

MED310B (11 decks)

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