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MED310B > vascular physiology > Flashcards

vascular physiology Flashcards

1
Q

composition of blood

A

relatively constant since the blood is constantly reconditioned

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2
Q

reconditioning organs and blood flow

A

recieve more blood than needed for metabolic demands
adjust extra blood flow to achieve homeostasis

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3
Q

what are the reconditioning organs

A

digestive organs, kidneys, skin

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4
Q

blood flow to non reconditioning organs and the brain

A

blood flow to other organs can be adjusted according to metabolic demands

blood flow to brain is conserved at all times

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5
Q

pressure

A

force over area
pounds per square inch Psi- car tires or kPa- atmospheric pressure

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6
Q

how is pressure in the cardiovascular system expressed

A

millimetesr of mercury mmHg- pressure exerted by a 1mm column of liquid mercury

all blood pressure values are expressed relative to atmospheric pressure

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7
Q

what drives blood flow thorugh the vascular system

A

the established pressure gradient from the aorta to the right atria

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8
Q

why is the pressure decreasing in a non closed non static system like a flowing pressure system

A

conversion of energy into heat from friction

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9
Q

F=

A

deltaP/R

delta P- pressure gradient
R- resistance of blood vessel

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10
Q

pressure gradient

A

difference in pressure between begining and end of vessel or organ

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11
Q

vascular resistance to blood flow determined what

A

how much blood - fraction of cardiac output- each organ receives

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12
Q

what is resistance produced by

A

fraction between the moving fluid and stationary walls dependant on
-blood viscosity- n
-vessel length- L
-vessel radius- r

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13
Q

major determinant of resistance to flow

A

radius of blood vessel
slight change in radius produced significant change in blood flow

R proportinal to 1/r^4

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14
Q

assumptions for poiseuilles law

A

newtonian fluid
laminal flow
no slip condition
steady flow
cyndrical vessel
rigid vessel walls

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15
Q

rapid transit ways to carry blood from heart to tissue

A

arteries

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16
Q

smaller vranches of arteries that control distribution of blood

A

arterioles

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17
Q

what consists of a closed system of vessels

A

systemic and pulmonary circulations

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18
Q

what does the vasuclar tree consist of

A

arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins

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19
Q

smaller branches off arterioles
smallest of all vessels
optimized for exchange with surrounding cells

A

capillaries

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20
Q

where blood goes after nutrient exchange
return blood to heart

A

venules

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21
Q

formed when venules enlarge

A

veins

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22
Q

three layers of blood vessels

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

23
Q

pressure resivoir

A

arteries

24
Q

thick, highly elastic walls, large radii

A

arteries

25
Q

highly muscular well innervated walls, small radii

A

arterioles

26
Q

primary resistance vessels and determine distribution of cardiac output

A

arterioles

27
Q

very thin walled and large total cross sectional area

A

capillaries

28
Q

site of exchange, determine distribution of extracellular fluid bw plasma and interstitial fluid

A

capillaries

29
Q

thin walled compared to arteries and hightly distensible
large radii

A

veins

30
Q

blood resivoir
passage from the heart to organs

A

veins

31
Q

the layers of blood vessels

A

from inner to outer
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

32
Q

what are large arteries specialized for

A

two functions
conduits: rapid transit passageways for blood from heart to organs due to thier lrage radius, these large arteries offer little resistance to blood flow

pressure resivoir: provides dirivnig force for blood hwen heart is relaxing and refilling

33
Q

compliance or distensibility of arteries

A

is related to connective tissue components including:
collagen fibres: provide tensile strength
ellastin fibres: provide elasticity to arterial walls

34
Q

windkessel effect

A

elastic recoil of blood in arteries from coming from heart and veins

in the vasculature, the vascular compliance (elasticity) is analogous to the compressed air in a windkessel pump

35
Q

blood pressure is based on

A

location

36
Q

blood pressure refers to what

A

pressure within the large central arteries of the sytsemic circulation (aorta, brachial artery)

37
Q

mean BP

A

is well sustained througout the major arteries

falls across the systemic vasculature, the mean BP falling in proportion to the resistance that it encounters

38
Q

when we speak of BP, we are usually referring to

A

the BP generated by the heart: the pressure that pushed blood through the circulation and to the tissues

39
Q

inadequate BP can lead to

A

inadequate tissue blood flow

40
Q

what can excessive BP cause

A

immadiate problems )eg. overload the hart: cause excessiev tissue blood flows, etc)

41
Q

what happens if sustained modest elevations of BP lead to

A

increase the risk of cardiovascular disease

42
Q

units of pressure

A

pascal

43
Q

refers to the pressure generated as a consequence of ventricular ejection that providing the force to push blood to flow thorugh the circulation

A

BP

44
Q

mean arterial pressure

A

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

45
Q

pulse pressure

A

p systolic - p diastolic

46
Q

P1-P2 =

A

flow x resistance

47
Q

flow

A

LEFT VENTRICULAR BLOOD FLOW “CARDIAC OUTPUT”

48
Q

REISTANCE

A

TOTAL PERIPHERAL VASCUALR RESISTANCE ACROSS THE ENTIRE SYSTEMIC VASCULATURE

49
Q

pressure ahead of the resistance

A

P1 is arteria pressure

50
Q

pressure after the resistance P2

A

is P venous

51
Q

ohms law

A

P arterial - p venous = CO x TPR

52
Q

P arterial aka BP =

A

CO x TPR bc p venous is normally veru small

53
Q

what can cause BP to change

A

changes in CO or TPR

MED310B (11 decks)

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