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MED310B > intro to digestive > Flashcards

intro to digestive Flashcards

1
Q

typical recomended diet

A

500g carbs
125g proteins
50g lipids

50% veggies and fruits
25% whole grain foods
25% proteins

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2
Q

function of digestive systems

A

break down food to release thier nutrients and absorb those nutrients

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3
Q

GI tract includes

A

organs of the alimentary canal as well as accessory glandular tissues

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4
Q

alimentary canal

A

muscular tube made up of diff organs that coordinate their activity to move unidirectionally from mouth to anus

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5
Q

examples of the alimentary canal organs

A

mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus

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6
Q

exocrine organs

A

lie outside the digestive tract and empty their secretions through ducts into the digestive tract lumen

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7
Q

example of exocrine organs

A

salivary glands
exocrine pancreas
biliary system
liver
gallbladder

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8
Q

what is the alimentary canal lined by

A

from outside in

serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa

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9
Q

submucosa

A

anchors mucosa

connective tissue layer that anchors the epithelia to the rest of the alimentary canal

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10
Q

mucosa

A

contains:
epithelium
laminal propria
muscularis mucosae

direct contact with food

lines the alimentary canal
epithelial cell layer is directly in contact with food or chyme and physically separates the food from the inner environment of the body

organized diff based on part of the alimentary canal

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11
Q

muscularis mucosae

A

smooth muscle contracts the mucosa
circular muscle
longitudinal muscle

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12
Q

serosa

A

another layer of connective tissue which anchors GI tract to other organs in the body

areolar connective tissue
epithelium

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13
Q

what is the alimentary canal exposed to

A

the external enviroment

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14
Q

what protects the body from external assaults in the alimentary canal

A

GI tract barrier

tight junctions bw the epithelial cells
mucus and other secretion production by mucosa

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15
Q

what are the external assaults that might affect the alimentary canal

A

acidic pH of the somach
digestive enzymes
gut flora

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16
Q

what does the mucus secreted by epithelial cells and mucous cells do

A

serves as protective barrier against several forms of potential injury to the gastric mucosa

alkaline (basic)

also serves as padding from physical damage by sharp food

17
Q

what are the types of cells that are joined by tight junctions- luminal membrane of the gastric mucosa

A

chief cell and parietal cell

18
Q

what do the luminal membrane of the gastric mucosa do

A

impermeable to H+ so HCl cant penetrate

and mucus coating offers further protection

19
Q

what are the four main GI functions

A

secretion
motility
digestion
absorption

20
Q

GI function- secretion

A

digestive jioces are secreted into the digestive tract lumen by exocrine glands

gastrointestinal hormones help control digestive motility and exocrine gland secretion

21
Q

GI function- motility

A

muscular contractions that mix and move forward the contents of the digestive tract through
propulsive movements that push the contents forward through the digestive tract
and
mixing movements facilitate the absorption by exposing intestinal contents to the absorbing surfaces of digestive tract

22
Q

GI function- digestion

A

biochemical breakdown of complex foodstuffs into smaller absorbable units
large food molecules are converted to simple absorbable untis as the digestive tract contents are propelled forward

23
Q

GI function- absorption

A

small absorbable units that result from digestion along with water, vitamins, and electrolyes are trasnferred from the digestive tract lumen into blood or lymph

24
Q

mechanical and chemical digestion in the mouth

A

mechanical- chewing and swallowing
chemical- carbs and fats

25
Q

mechanical and chemical digestion in the stomach

A

mechanical- perstaltic mixing and propulsion
chemical- proteins and fats
absorption- lipid soluble substances such as alchohols and aspirin

26
Q

mechanical and chemical digestion in the small intestine

A

mechanical- mixing and propulsion primarily by segmentation
chemical- carb, fat, polypeptides, nuc acids
absorption- peptides, aa, glucose, fructose, fats, water, minerals, vitamins

27
Q

mechanical and chemical digestion in the large intestine

A

mechanical- segmental mixing and propulsion
no chemical digestion exception by bacteria
absorption of ions, water, minerals, vitamins, and organic molecules

28
Q

what are the 3 types of sensory receptors that respond to local changes in the digestive tract

A

chemoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
osmoreceptors

29
Q

chemoreceptors

A

sensitive to chemical components within the lumen

30
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

sensitive to stretch or tension within the wall

31
Q

osmoreceptors

A

senstitive to the osmolarity of the luminal contents

32
Q

regulation of digestion function and relation to the CNS

A
  1. duodenum fills with chyme
  2. sensory stretch receptors are stimulates
  3. sensory nerve impulses travel to central nervous system
  4. nerve impulses inhibit peristalsis in stomach wall
33
Q

what do sensory receptors in digestive tract do and what do they trigger

A

monitor luminal content and wall tension

triggers neural reflexes or hormonal secretion to influence digestive effector cells

34
Q

what are the digestive effector cells

A

smooth muscle cells
exocrine gland cells
endocrine gland cells

35
Q

smooth muscle effector cells

A

modify gut motility

36
Q

exocrine gland effector cells

A

secrete digestive juices

37
Q

endocrine gland effector cells

A

secrete gastrointestinal hormones

38
Q

local stimulus in digestive function

A

pH, stretch, osmolarity, products of digestion

39
Q

external stimulus of digestive function

A

sight, smell, etc

MED310B (11 decks)

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