immuno 1 Flashcards
what percent of total body weight is blood
8
what are the components that make up blood and what are they suspended in
plasma
erythrocytes
leukocytes
thrombocytes
erythrocytes
red blood cells- whole cells
99%
leukocytes
white blood cells- whole cells
throbocytes
platelets- cell fragments
dispersion of cells in plasma
generally evenly dispersed in plasma
what do hematocrit levels represent
the percentage of rbc in total volume
average hematocrit levels in women and men
42% women
45% men
plasma makes up the remaining volume
what makes up 90% of plasma
water
what does plasma serve as
the medium to carry the components within the blood
has high capacity to hold heat and helps distribute heat throughout the body
what does plasma consist of other than water
several inorganic substances including electrolytes (ions) such as Na Cl K Ca H2CO3———–function as regulators of membrane excitability, osmotic distribution between extracellular fluid and cells and pH buffering
organic substances such as plasma proteins, glucose, AA, lipids, vitamins, creatine, bilirubin, hormones, and gases
what is serum
the part of blood which is similar in composition to plasma but lacks the clotting factors
it is the liquid part of blood after clotting is allwoed to occur
what do blood tests require
some require serium while others require plasma
where are plasma protiens synthesized
most in the liver
exception- gamma globulins aka antibodies
what do plasma proteins do
establish osmotic gradient bw blood and interstitial fluid (colloid osmotic pressure) and prevents excessive losss of plasma from capillaries intot he interstitial fluid and maintains plasma volume
helps in maintaining the plasmas capacity to buffer changes in pH
what are the 3 groups of plasma protiens
albumins
globulins
fibinogen
what plasma protines are the most abundant
albumins
what plasma proteins contibutes to colloid osmotic pressure
albumins
what plasma proteins nonspecifically bind to many substnaces that are poorly soluble in plasma to aid in their transport
albumins
what are the 3 types of globulins
alpha
beta
gamma
what plasma proteins specifically bind to poorly soluble substances to carry them
globulins
what plasma protiens include substances involved in blood clotting cascade
globulins
what are the other functions of globlulins
activation of other protiens and important in host defense
what is the function of fibrinogen
key factor in clotting cascade
where does filtration occur and what happens
in the arterial end
10mmHg pressure
fluid exits capillary due to 35mmHg capillary hydrostatic pressure beinggreater than the blood colloidal osmotic pressure whichi s 25mmHg
what happens mid cappilary
no net movement of fluid since capillary hydrostatic pressure and blood colloid osmotic pressure are equal are 25
what is reabsorption and where does it happen
at the venous end, net filtration pressure in -7 blood goes into the capillary since capillary hydrotatic pressure 18 is lower than blood colloidal osmotic pressure at 25
how many rbc in 1 ml blood
5 x 10^9
shape of tbc
flat, indented, disc shaped that flatten in the centre
diameter of rbc
8um
function of biconcave shape of rbc
provide larger SA for diffusion of O2 across membrane
function of thinness of rbc
enables O2 to diffuse rapidly
what traits of rbc helps trnapsortation of O2
biconcave
thin
lack ncleus (more O2)
flecible and pliable (squeese tight spaces)
haemoglobin (most important- carry O2)
haemoglobin solubility
not soluble in plasma
where is hemoglobin found
neurons, rbc, immune cells
270 mill per rbc
what does hemoglobin consist of
globin
heme group
glboin in hemoglobin
4 highly folded peptide chains- tetramer
heem group
4 Fe containing, non protien groups each bound to a polypeptide
Fe and O2 binding
each combines reversibly
4Fe=4O2
98.5% of O2 carried by hemoglobin
arterial versus venous color
arterial is red
venous is blue
what can hemoglobin bind to
CO2, H+, CO, NO
prefers CO 250x than O2 (CO poisoning)
