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gut hormone secretion Flashcards

1
Q

what do exocrine gland cells in the GI tract do

A

secrete substances into the lumen of the GI tract via the glands duct system

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2
Q

what do endocrine gland cells in the GI tract do

A

secrete products directly into the bloodstream

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3
Q

what secretes digestive juices

A

exocrine glands

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4
Q

what do gastrointestinal hormones do

A

modulate digestive motility and exocrine gland secretion

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5
Q

how many and what are the digestive juices secreted into the alimentary canal

A

1, saliva: salivary gland
2, gastric juice: gastric mucosa
3, pancreatic juice: exocrine pancreas
4, intestinal juice: intestinal mucosa
5, bile: hepatic gland

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6
Q

makeup of saliva

A

99.5% water
0.5% electrolytes and protein

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7
Q

function of saliva

A

begins digestion of carbs via salivary amylase
facilitates swallowing and aids speech
lysozyme is antibacterial
rinses out mouth and teeth white bicarbonate buggers neutralize acids preventing cavities
serves as solvent for molecules

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8
Q

what are the 3 salivary glands

A

parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands

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9
Q

parotid gland

A

secrete 20% of the total saliva. contains amylase to begin the digestion of starches

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10
Q

submandibular gland

A

secrete a mix of both serous fluid and mucus. 65-70% of saliva produced by this

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11
Q

sublingual glands

A

produce mainly mucous
5% of saliva

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12
Q

what digestive secretion is entirely under neural control

A

salivary secretion
all other secretions are regulated by both nervous system reflexes and hormones

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13
Q

parasympathetic stimulation of salivary secretion

A

produces lots of watery saliva that is rich in enzymes

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14
Q

sympathetic stimulation of salivary secretion

A

produces much smaller volume of thick saliva that is rich in mucus

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15
Q

what is gastric juice responsible for and hwere

A

most chemical digestion begins in the stomach via gastric juice

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16
Q

what does gastric juice contain

A

water, HCl, electrolytes, mucus, pepsins, and protein
it is highly acidic and rich in digestive enzymes

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17
Q

pH of stomach lumen

A

2

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18
Q

what is the purpose of the low stomach pH

A
  1. activates pepsinongen to become active pepsin
  2. aids in the breakdown of connective tissue and muscle fibres
  3. denatures protein
  4. kills microorganisms ingested with food
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19
Q

control of gastric secretion phases

A
  1. cephalic phase
  2. gastric phase
  3. intestinal phase
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20
Q

cephalic phase

A

thinking about, tasting, smelling, chewing, swallowing good increases gastric secretion by vagal nerve activity

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21
Q

gastric phase

A

begins when food actually reaches the stomach
presence of protein, stomach distention, caffeine, and alcohol all inc gastric secretion

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22
Q

intestinal phase

A

fat, acid, hypertonicity, or distention in the duodenum inhibit gastric secretions
intestianl phase shuts off the flow of gastric juices when chyme begins to be emptied into the small intestine

23
Q

what cells secrete gastric juice

A

exocrine cells within the mucosa

24
Q

how is gastric mucosa organized

A

arranged into invaginated gastric pits

25
secretory cells in the stomach lining
mucous cells eipthelial cells parietal cells chief cells
26
what do mucous cells secrete
thin water mucus
27
what do epithelial cells secrete
thick viscous alkaline mucus over the surface of the mucosa
28
what do parietal cells do
produce both HCl and instrinsic factor
29
what do chief cells do
secrete pepsinogen, the inactive proenzyem form of pepsin
30
what is H. pylori
infection and overuse of NSAIDS that leads to compromise of the protective mucous once the mucous layer is compromised, pepsin and HCl cause extensive damage to the stomach wall creating the ulcer LEADING TO A PEPTIC ULCER
31
What happnes to chyme in the small intestine
mixed with secretinos of the exocrine pancreas and liver that are released intot he duodemun lumen
32
a mixed gland that contains both exocrine and endocrine tissue
the pancreas
33
exocrine secretory cells in the pancreas
from sacs known as acini which connect to ducts that empty into the duodenum
34
endocrine tissue in the pancreas
islets of langehans secrete insulin and glucagon
35
what is the exocrine pancrease made up of and what does it secrete
secretes pancreatic jucie consisting of two components 1. pancreatic enzymes secreted by the acinal cells: trypsinogen, pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase 2. aqueous alkaline solution secreted by duct cells
36
what does the biliary system include
liver, gallbaldder, assocaited ducts
37
where is bile secreted
into the duodenal lumen to aid in lipid digestion
38
small intestine secretions
small intestine mucosa scretes an aqueous salt and mucous solution called succus entericus (juice of the intestine) secretion increases in response to the presence of chyme in the small intestine
39
large intestine secretions
colonic secretion consists of an alkaline mucous solutions whose function is to protect the large intestine mucosa from injury, facilitate passage of the feces, and neutralizes irritating acids produced by local bacterial fermentations
40
what does cistic fibrosis affect digestive secretions
impairs them
41
CFTR mutations leads to
impaired chloride transport
42
CFTR involved in
exocrine gland secretions: sweat, mucus, and digestive fluids
43
gastrointestinal hormones
secreted into the blood by endocrine gland cells found in the digestive tract mucosa
44
function of gastrointestinal homrones
control digestive motility and exocrine gland secretion exert eithe rexcitatory or inhibitory influences on smooth muscle and exocrine gland cells
45
G cells- where and what
found only in the PGA gastric pits, secrete gastrin
46
what do enerochromaffin like cells (ECL) cells secrete
histamine
47
what do D cells secrete
somatostatin in response to acid
48
gastrin
-stimulated by prottein in the stomach -increases HCl and pepsinogen secretion -enhaces gastric motility, stimulates ileal motility, relaxes the ielocecal sphincter and induces mass movements in the colon -gastrin secretion is inhibited by an accumulation of acid in the stomach and duodenal lumen
49
ghrelin
produced by endocrine cells of the stomach often called hunger hormone because it increases food intake may help prepare for food intake by increasing gastric motility and gastric acid secretion
50
secretin
-stimulated by acid i nthe duodenum -inhibits gastric emptying to prevent further acid from entering the duodemun -inhibits gastric secretion to reduce the amount of acid being produced -stimulates pancreatic and liver NaHCO3 secretion which neutralizes duodenum acid
51
CCK
-stimulated by fat and other neutrients i nthe -duodenum, inhibits gastric motility and secretino -stimulates pancreatic acinal cells to secrete pancreatic enzymes -cause contractino of the gallbladder to empty bile into the duodenum -important regulator of food intake
52
motilin
-secreted by endocrine M cells whtin crypts of the small intestine -motilin is released into the general circulation during fasting period of in between meals -motilin release is inhibited by feeding -increases gastrointestinal motility
53
GLP-1
-secreted by intestineal L cells in response to nutrients in lumen of small intestine -promotes insulin sensitivity and inslin secretion from pancreas -inhibits gastric secretions and gastric emptying in the stomach -increases satiety thereby reducing food intake

MED310B (11 decks)

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