Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR Exam 1 > Vascular Histology > Flashcards

Vascular Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries branch extensively to do what?

A

Decrease in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Veins merge repeatedly to do what?

A

Increase in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the components of the tunica intima?

A

Endothelium, basal lamina and subendothelial layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the endothelium of the tunica intima

A

Single layer of squamous epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the basal lamina of tunica intima

A

Basal lamina of the endothelial cells

Thin EC layer (collagen, proteoglycans, glycoproteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the subendothelial layer of the tunica intima

A

Consists of loose CT
Contains the internal elastic membrane which is a sheet like layer of fenestrated elastic material within arteries and arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe endothelial cells

A

Single layer of endothelial cells form innermost aspect of the tunica intima
Connected via cell-cell junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of endothelial cells?

A

Support the basement membrane and produce collagen

Metabolically involved in blood coagulation and thrombosis, local vasodilation/constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the storage granules within endothelial cells contain?

A

P selectin which is involved in inflammation and van wille brand factor involved in hemostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the tunica media

A

Circumferentially arranged layers of smooth muscle
Relatively thick in arteries
Extends from the internal elastic membrane to the external elastic membrane
Varying amounts of elastin, reticular fibers and proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The external elastic membrane is a layer of elastin that separates which two structures?

A

The tunica media and adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the tunica adventitia

A

Longitudinally arranged collagenous tissue with few elastic fibers
Will merge with the loose CT surrounding the vessels
Ranges from relatively thin (arterial system) to quite thick (venules/veins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the vasa vasorum of the tunica adventitia?

A

Vessels of the tunica adventitia that supply blood to the vascular tunics themselves
Found in large arteries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Nervi vasorum (vascularis) of the tunica adventitia?

A

ANS input that controls contraction of vascular smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe large (elastic) arteries

A

Largest vessels of the arterial system
Elastin forms concentric sheets/lamellae b/w muscle cell layers
Smooth muscle synthesizes collagen, elastin, ground substance of ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe medium (muscular) arteries

A

More smooth muscle and less elastin than elastic arteries
Prominent internal elastic membrane becomes apparent*
A recognizable external elastic membrane is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which type of artery has the smooth muscle arranged in a spiral fashion and has a relatively thick tunica adventitia?

A

Medium (muscular) arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can you distinguish between small arteries and arterioles?

A

By number of smooth muscle layers in tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe small arteries

A

Have up to 8 layers

Will also have an internal elastic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe arterioles

A

Have 1-2 layers and internal elastic membrane may or may not be present
Flow regulators for capillary beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sympathetic innervation to the tunica media of arterioles causes what?

A

Vasoconstriction

22
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to tunica media of arterioles causes what?

A

Vasodilation

23
Q

Describe capillaries

A

Smallest of all blood vessels that form capillary beds
Site of metabolic exchange
Diameter often smaller than RBCs

24
Q

What are pericytes?

A

Perivascular contractile cells with branching cytoplasmic processes
Enclosed with basal lamina and continuous with that of the endothelium
Controlled by NO (endothelial cells)

25
Q

What is the function of pericytes?

A

Promote stability of capillaries and postcapillary venules

26
Q

What are the three types of capillaries?

A

Continuous, fenestrated, discontinuous/sinusoidal

27
Q

Describe continuous capillaries

A

Most common
Have tight, occluding junctions that seal off the intercellular clefts
All molecular exchange must occur via diffusion or transcytosis
Continuous basement membrane (cells meet end to end)

28
Q

Where are continuous capillaries found?

A

Located throughout the body (muscle, brain, peripheral nerves, exocrine glands)

29
Q

Describe fenestrated capillaries

A

Located in organs where molecular exchange with the blood is important
Have tight junctions with fenestrations among endothelial cells
Allows greater exchange across the endothelium but limited to size of macromolecule
Continuous basement membranes

30
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

Endocrine glands and sites of fluid/metabolite absorption, gallbladder and kidney

31
Q

Describe continuous/sinusoidal capillaries

A

Located where exchange of macromolecules and cells (b/w tissue and blood) must openly occur
Large fenestrations among endothelial cells (larger than fenestrated type)
Open exchange occurs; large cell movements allowed
Partial, discontinuous basement membrane

32
Q

Where are discontinuous/sinusoidal capillaries found?

A

Bone marrow, liver and spleen

33
Q

What are metarterioles?

A

First branch off of arteriole supplying tissues

34
Q

What do precapillary sphincters regulate?

A

Blood flow through true capillaries

35
Q

What are true capillaries?

A

Branch from metarteriole
Lack smooth muscle
Pericytes may be present

36
Q

What is a thoroughfare channel?

A

Distal end of metarteriole (lacks smooth muscle)

Connects to a postcapillary venule

37
Q

What happens when precapillary sphincters contract?

A

Blood flow will be shunted
Prevents exchange within true capillaries
Forces blood to enter venous return more quickly
Differentially occurs based on metabolic demand

38
Q

Describe venules

A

Receive blood from capillaries and have a diameter as small as 0.1mm
Subclassified as postcapillary and muscular venules

39
Q

Describe small veins

A

Continuous with muscular venules
Have all three tunics
Tunica media is 2-3 layers
Have thicker tunica adventitia

40
Q

Medium veins represent what?

A

Most of the named veins

41
Q

What are examples of large veins?

A

Superior and inferior vena cava and the hepatic portal vein

42
Q

Describe veins

A

Tunics are not as distinct or well defined
Large and medium veins have all three layers
Tunica intima may contain valves (semilunar flaps consisting of a thin CT core covered by endothelial cells)

43
Q

Compare veins and arteries

A

Veins have thinner walls than accompanying arteries
Lumen is larger than that of the artery
Lumen of veins are often collapsed

44
Q

What do postcapillary venules drain?

A

Capillaries and have no true tunica media

45
Q

Describe muscular venules

A

Have 1-2 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media

Thin tunica adventitia

46
Q

Describe medium veins

A

Travel with muscular arteries
Thicker tunica adventitia
Wall is often folded around large lumen
Contains valves

47
Q

Describe the tunica adventitia of large veins

A

The thickest layer of the vessel wall
Contains collagen, elastic fibers and fibroblasts
Contains longitudinal smooth muscle cells

48
Q

Describe the tunica media and intima of large veins

A

Tunica media is thin with circumferentially arranged smooth muscle cells, collagen fibers and some fibroblasts
Tunica intima is thin and blends with tunica media

49
Q

Describe lymphatic vessels

A

Circulate lymph through most parts of the body
Serve as adjuncts to the blood vessels
Are unidirectional conveying fluid only from tissues
Collect lymph and return it to venous supply
Have all vascular tunics and possess valves
Walls increase in thickness as vessel increases in size

50
Q

Describe lymphatic capillaries

A

Closed ended tubes found among capillary beds
Overlapping endothelial cells from 1 way valves for collecting lymph
Incomplete basal lamina which increases permeability
Openings b/w the endothelial cells are held in place by anchoring filaments

51
Q

Lymphatic capillaries joint to form what?

A

Collecting lymphatic vessels

52
Q

Go over

A

Lymph flow pathway

CPR Exam 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions