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Abdomen 2 > Vascular Disease > Flashcards

Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Variety of conditions that alter blood flow in and out of organs

A 
Increase in vessel pressure
Thrombus/tumor invasion
Atherosclerosis 
Congenital abnormalities 
Aneurysms
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2
Q

What is key in assessing vascular function

A

Understanding normal blood flow patterns

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3
Q

What are proximal abdominal aortic flow patterns

A

Moderate waveform

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4
Q

What is a normal distal abdominal aortic flow pattern

A

High resistance waveform

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5
Q

What is the normal renal artery flow pattern

A

Low resistance

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6
Q

What is the normal flow pattern in the SMA pre-prandial

A

High resistance

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7
Q

What is the normal flow pattern in the SMA post-prandial

A

Low resistance

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8
Q

What is normal portal venous flow

A

Hepatopedeal

Monophonic flow with slight undulations

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9
Q

What is normal flow patterns in the hepatic veins and IVC

A

Hepatofugal (hepatic veins)

Phasic flow

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10
Q

What is the flow in the hepatic veins and IVC influenced by

A

Cardiac and respiratory cycles

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11
Q

What is the IVC waveform pattern often described as

A

Sawtooth

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12
Q

What are the normal measurements for the aorta

A

Prox: 2.0-2.5cm
Distal: ~1.5cm

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13
Q

When the aorta measures 3cm or greater AP what is it then considered

A

Aneurismal

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14
Q

When is the IVC considered dilated

A

When it exceeds 3.7cm

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15
Q

On initial inspiration what happens to the IVC

A

Decreases in size

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16
Q

When respiration is suspended what happens to the IVC

A

Increases in size

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17
Q

What are the indications that a patient would have, that would get them set for an atrial assessment

A

Pulsatile abdominal mass
Abdominal pain
Abdominal bruit
Hemodynamic compromised lower limbs

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18
Q

Define arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

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19
Q

Define atheroma

A

Lipid deposit in the arterial intima

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20
Q

Define atherosclerosis

A

Form of arteriosclerosis in the large and medium arteries

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21
Q

Define plaque

A

Platelets forming a cap over a fat deposit

22
Q

What is atheromatous disease

A

Lipid deposits on the intimal lining of any artery

23
Q

What does alteration of the artifact; lining provoke and cause

A

Fibrosis and classification

-causes the wall to become damaged

24
Q

What is atheromatous disease associated with

A

HTN
Smoking
Diabetes

25
Q

Does the incidence of atheromatous disease increase with age

A

Yes

26
Q

What is the appearance of atheromatous disease

A

Wall irregularities
Tortuous vessel
Calcifications
Narrowed vessel lumen

27
Q

What can an aneurysm affect

A

Any artery

28
Q

What are the 6 different types of aneurysms

A 
AAA
Splanchnic Artery aneurysm(mesenteric aneurysm)
Iliac Artery Aneurysm 
Mycotic Aneurysms
Inflammatory Aneurysm
29
Q

define AAA

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

30
Q

What is a AAA

A

A weakening of the aortic wall that leads to a focal dilatation

31
Q

What does a true AAA involve

A

All 3 wall layers

32
Q

What does ectasia of the aorta mean

A

Slight widening of the aorta up to 3cm

33
Q

Most AAA occur mainly below the level of what

A

Renal vessels (infrarenal)

34
Q

What are the causes of a AAA

A 
Atherosclerosis 
Syphilis 
Systemic infections 
Cystic medial necrosis 
Other diseases- Marfan’s: connective tissue disorder
35
Q

What are the risk factors for a AAA

A

Men >60 years of age
HTN
FHx (first degree relative)
Hypercholesterolemia (chronically high cholesterol)

36
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a AAA

A 
Generally asymptomatic 
Palpable mass 
Incidental finding on X-Ray 
Lower back pain
Abdominal pain 
Leg pain
37
Q

What are the different types of AAA

A

Fusiform

Saccular

38
Q

What is a fusiform AAA

A

Uniform tubular dilatation

39
Q

What is a saccular AAA

A

Sac-like protrusion towards one side connected to the aorta

40
Q

A fusiform AAA is the most what

A

Common appearence of a AAA

41
Q

A saccular AAA is most often due to what

A

Trauma

Infection

42
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of a AAA

A

Dilatation of the aorta >/3cm
Aorta is typically projecting anterior and left
Aortic wall irregularities
Thrombus; usually seen on the anterior and lateral walls

43
Q

What is thrombus

A

Clot attached to the vessel wall

44
Q

What is thrombus caused by

A

Slowing of the blood stream, injury to the vessel and alterations to the blood constituents

45
Q

What can poorly attached thrombus result in

A

Release of emboli

46
Q

What are associated findings of a AAA

A

Iliac artery aneurysms

Popliteal aneurysms

47
Q

What is the most important measurement of a AAA

A

AP

48
Q

What is the protocol for measuring a AAA

A 
Place calipers outer-outer wall 
Measure perpendicular to the vessel 
Document 
-L, W, AP dimensions 
-shape 
-Location 
- if it involves the renal/iliac arteries 
-describe wall thickening 
-flow pattern
49
Q

What does it mean if a AAA extends beyond the infrarenal

A

It becomes more difficult to treat

50
Q

What is the follow up and treatment for an AAA that is between 3-5cm

A

Serial US, monitoring if it is increase in size 2-5mm/yr

If it is increasing 10mm/yr than surgery

Abdomen 2 (6 decks)

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