Neoplastic Diseases: Malignant Flashcards
Cancerous growths originate from
Various types of tissue
If a cancerous growth is epithelial in origin than it is classified a
Carcinoma
What is the most common cancerous growth that arises from epithelial tissue
Adenocarcinoma
Cancerous growths that originate from connective tissue are classified as
Sarcomas
Primary malignancy is
Area (organ) of origin
Secondary malignancy is
AKA metastatic
Extension of CA to other areas
Has various routes of spread
What are the various routes of spread that metastatic disease uses
Blood
Lymphatics
Direct invasion
Proven causes of malignant neoplasms are from
Exposure to carcinogens
Radiation
What are the high risk factors for malignant neoplasms
Viruses
Familial tendencies
Environment
Hormones
What sonographic signs would create the suspicion of a malignant mass
Hypoechoic halo Hypoechoic solid liver mass Multiple liver masses High velocity signals; being able to pick up an arterial waveform instead of venous Hypervascular lesions Lymphadenopathy
What are the primary malignant neoplasms of the liver
Hepatocellular carninoma (HCC,hepatoma)
Hemangiosarcoma (angiosarcoma)
Epithelial hemangioendothelioma
Hepatoblastoma
What is the most common primary malignancy of the liver
HCC
Who is more at risk of developing HCC
Males in their 6th decade of life
What the 3 forms of HCC
Focal solitary
Focal multiple
Diffuse infiltration
What are the risk factors of HCC
Alcoholic cirrhosis Hep B Hep C Toxic metabolites Metabolic disorders
What are the symptoms of HCC
RUQ pain
Weight loss
Abdominal swelling (ascites)
Hepatomegaly
What is the sonographic appearance of HCC
Variable; often Hypoechoic with anarchic halo
High velocity signals on doppler
Uncommon to have calcifications
Portal and hepatic venous invasion
What lab values are elevated with HCC
ALP
AST
ALT
What lab value in increased in cases of HCC
AFP
What is the prognosis of HCC
5 year survival rate about 1%
Hemangiosarcoma is
Extremely rare and aggressive, occurs most often in 60-80 yrs olds
