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Core Conditions > Vascular Conditions > Flashcards

Vascular Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Who is most likely to get a AAA?

A

Rupture risk is higher in WOMEN

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2
Q

What are the causes of AAA?

A

Trauma
Infection
Inflammatory disease- Behçet’s disease, Takayasu’s disease
Connective tissue disorder- Marfan’s, Ehler’s-Danlos

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3
Q

What are the risk factors associated with AAA?

A

NON-MODIFIABLE: family history, gender-male, increasing age
MODIFIABLE: smoking
PMH: severe atherosclerotic damage of aortic wall, COPD, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of AAA?

A

Unruptured are usually asymptomatic, with potential pain in the back, abdomen, loin or groin. They are PULSATILE with abdo swelling

Ruptured: SEVERE back, abdo, loin pain, syncope, shock, collapse

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5
Q

What are the clinical signs of AAA?

A

Grey turner’s sign- flank bruising
Abdominal bruits
Palpable pulsatile and expansile AA

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6
Q

What are the differentials for AAA?

A 
Appendicitis
Cystitis
Diverticulitis
Pancreatitis
Bowel obstruction
Cholelithiasis
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7
Q

What are the investigations in suspected AAA?

A

BLOODS: FBC,ESR, CRP, clotting screen, renal function, liver function
IMAGING: ECG, CXR, USS, CT, MRI, angiography

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8
Q

What are the appropriate treatments for AAA?

A

If measured at 3-4.4 cm, annual ultrasound

  1. 5-5.4cm- three monthly ultrasound
  2. 5cm or bigger, consider surgery and three monthly ultrasound

Treat underlying causes
Smoking cessation
Blood pressure control
Doxycycline, roxithromycin, ACEi, losartan, statins, aspirins.
Surgery- open repair with graft, endovascular repair (EVAR)

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9
Q

Who is typically affected by peripheral vascular disease?

A

Increases rapidly in those over 50

MEN

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10
Q

What are the causes of peripheral vascular disease?

A 
Thrombotic causes (blood clots)
Embolic causes (atherosclerotic blockages)
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11
Q

What are the risk factors associated with PVD?

A

NON-MODIFIABLE- increasing age, gender-male
MODIFIABLE- smoking, obesity, physical inactivity
PMH- diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of PVD?

A

Muscle pain in lower limbs- intermittent claudication

Ischaemic rest pain

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of PVD?

A

SIX Ps- pain, pallor, paraesthesia, paralysis, pulselessness, perishingly cold
POOR WOUND HEALING
ULCERATION

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14
Q

What are the differentials for PVD?

A 
Sciatica
Spinal stenosis
DVT
Entrapment syndromes
Muscle tendon injury
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15
Q

What investigations should be done in suspected PVD?

A

BLOODS: FBC, ESR, thrombophilia screen and serum homocysteine, fasting blood glucose, lipid levels
IMAGING: CT, MRI, angiography, ECG, doppler- ABPI

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16
Q

What is the management for PVD?

A

Lifestyle management: smoking cessation, exercise, weight loss
Diabetes management
Statins and fibrates for hyperlipidaemia
Antiplatelets- clopidogrel, ticagrelor
Peripheral vasodilators- naftidrofuryl oxalate
Surgery- EVAR, bypass.

17
Q

Who is most commonly affected by varicose veins?

A

WOMEN

18
Q

What is the cause of varicose veins?

A

long tortuous dilated veins of the superficial venous system caused by:-
valve leakage, causing retrograde flow back into the vein

19
Q

What are the risk factors for varicose veins?

A

Pregnancy
Obesity
Increasing age (>65)
Jobs that involve prolonged standing

20
Q

What are the symptoms of varicose veins?

A 
Itching
Night cramps
Heaviness of the legs
Oedema
Burning sensation
Paraesthesia
Exercise intolerance
21
Q

What are the clinical signs of varicose veins?

A 
Trendelenburg's test
Perthes' manoeuvre
Skin changes (ulcers, lipodermatitis, telangiectasia, eczema)
22
Q

What are the differentials for varicose veins?

A

Cellulitis
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
DVT
Superficial phlebitis

23
Q

What investigations are appropriate in suspected varicose veins?

A

Doppler ABPI

Venous refilling time

24
Q

What is the best management for varicose veins?

A 
LIFESTYLE MANAGEMENT
weight loss
compression stockings
endothermal ablation
avulsion

Core Conditions (11 decks)

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