Respiratory Conditions Flashcards

Question

Who is most likely to be affected by lobar pneumonia?

Answer 1

the VERY YOUNG | ELDERLY

Answer 2

BACTERIAL: s. pneumoniae, h.influenzae, chlamydophila pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia. VIRAL: rhinovirus, influenza virus, RSV, adenovirus, parainfluenza FUNGAL PARASITIC NON-INFECTIOUS

Answer 3

MODIFIABLE: smoking PMH: preceding viral infections, immunosuppression (AIDS, cytotoxic therapy), respiratory problems, IVDU, hospitalisation, aspiration pneumonia, underlying disease

Answer 4

``` Cough Purulent Sputum Breathlessness Fever Malaise ```

Answer 5

``` Tachypnoea Bronchial breathing crepitations pleural rub dullness with percussion ```

Answer 6

``` Acute bronchitis Congestive heart failure COPD exacerbation Asthma exacerbation Bronchiectasis exacerbation TB Lung cancer/METs Empyema ```

Answer 7

``` CURB-65 Confusion Urea Respiratory rate BP 65 CXR ```

Answer 8

Oxygen for treating hypoxia Fluids for dehydration Analgesics for mild pleuritic pain Nebulised saline Antibiotics- 5 DAY AMOXICILLIN (macrolide/tetracycline for pen. allergies and FLUCLOXACILLIN if staph infection is suspected) 7-10 days AMOXICILLIN and macrolide for moderate to severe Beta-lactamase and a macrolide for most severe (carbapenem)

Answer 9

Men under 20 and peak at 60 | Women 30-34 and peak at 60

Answer 10

``` Primary- SPONTANEOUS Secondary- underlying lung disease TRAUMA IATROGENIC CATAMENIAL PNEUMOTHORAX ```

Answer 11

NON-MODIFIABLE: Marfan's MODIFIABLE: smoking PMH: endometriosis, subpleural blebs and bullae

Answer 12

Sudden onset of pain SOB Breathlessness

Answer 13

``` Tachycardia Pulse paradoxicus asymmetry of chest wall during inspiration hyper resonance in percussion deviated trachea reduced/absent breath sounds ```

Answer 14

Pleural effusion Chest pain Pulmonary embolism

Answer 15

IMAGING: CXR, USS, CT SCAN BLOODS: ABG

Answer 16

Needle aspiration- large bore needle Chest drain Oxygen Surgery

Answer 17

It is the most common cause of post-operative death affecting 60-70 per 100,000

Answer 18

``` Thrombosis from DVT Tumours (breast and prostate) Fat Amniotic fluid Sepsis Foreign bodies Air ```

Answer 19

``` Surgery Obstetrics Malignancy Lower limb problems Reduced mobility Previous VTE Minor risk factors- cardiovascular, oestrogens, misc. ```

Answer 20

Dyspnoea Pleuritic chest pain Cough and haemoptysis

Answer 21

``` Tachycardia, tachypnoea Hypoxia Pyrexia Elevated JVP Gallop heart rhythm Pleural rub Systemic hypotension and cardiogenic shock ```

Answer 22

``` ACS Aortic dissection Cardiac tamponade Pneumonia Pneumothorax Sepsis ```

Answer 23

BLOODS: d-dimers, ABG, FBC, troponin, BNP o2 sats IMAGINGL CXR, ECG, ECHO

Answer 24

100% O2 Fluid restoration Anticoagulation- low weight molecular heparin, rivaroxaban Vitamin K antagonist

Answer 25

``` Results from accumulation of abnormal volumes of fluid in the pleural space. It can split into transudate and exudative Associated with- Cardiac failure Pneumonia Malignancy PE ```

Answer 26

MODIFIABLE: smoking, asbestos exposure PMH: Pre-existing lung damage/disease, lung cancer, liver cirrhosis, heart failure

Answer 27

``` Dyspnoea Breathlessness Pleuritic chest pain cough and haemoptysis weight loss ```

Answer 28

finger clubbing rheumatoid changes in the hands accessory muscle use reduced movement on the side of the effusion tracheal deviation away from the lesioned side stony dullness on percussion diminished breath sounds over effusion

Answer 29

``` Pulmonary oedema diaphragmatic injuries hypothyroidism pancreatitis rheumatoid arthritis ```

Answer 30

IMAGING: CXR-PA SAMPLING: pleural aspiration (thoracentesis), centrifuge, haematocrit, cholesterol and triglycerides BLOODS: ESR, CRP, albumin, amylase, TFTs, blood culture

Answer 31

Pleural drainage Tapping the fluid Pleurodesis- injection of sclerosant to cause adhesion of visceral and parietal pleura and prevents re-accumulation. (tetracycline, sterile talc, bleomycin)