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Core Conditions > Breast Conditions > Flashcards

Breast Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Who is most likely to be affected by breast abscess and mastitis?

A

Women who are within the first few weeks postpartum

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2
Q

What are the most likely causes of breast abscess and mastitis?

A

Milk stasis in lactating women
Staph. aureus as a result of accumulated milk.
In non-lactating women, damage to sub-areolar ducts can cause infection.
Breast abscess is usually a severe complication of mastitis.

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3
Q

What are some of the main risk factors of mastitis?

A 
Poor infant attachment to breast
Reduced number/duration of feeds
Age
Smoking
Nipple damage/ trauma
Previous mastitis
Poor hygiene
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4
Q

What are some of the symptoms of mastitis?

A

Painful breast, fever/ general malaise, tender, red, swollen, warm area.

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5
Q

What are the clinical signs of mastitis?

A

Unilateral oedema
Erythema in the wedged shaped area
Fluctuant tender lumps with overlying oedema

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6
Q

What are the differential diagnoses of mastiitis?

A

Full engorged breasts, blocked ducts, galactocoele, mammary duct infection, cancer, cellulitis, fibroadenosis, ruptured breast cyst, necrotizing fasciitis.

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7
Q

What are the best investigations for breast mastitis?

A

IMAGING- USS to show pus collection

BIO- culture of breast milk

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8
Q

What is the treatment for breast mastitis/breast abscess?

A

Continue breast feeding, improve milk removal.
ANTIBIOTICS- flucloxacillin, erythromycin
SURGERY- abscess removal, needle aspiration

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9
Q

What are some of the causes of breast carcinoma?

A

Carcinoma arising in epithelial lining of the ducts, epithelium of the terminal ducts of the lobules.

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10
Q

What are the key risk factors of breast carcinoma?

A

NON-MODIFIABLE- Increasing age, family history of breast cancer, genetic factors, never having had a child/children born after age 30, early menarche, late menopause.

MODIFIABLE- obesity, alcohol

PMH- Previous history of breast cancer

IATROGENIC- HRT, combined oral contraception

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11
Q

What are the key symptoms that will present with breast carcinoma?

A 
BREAST LUMP
change in nipple shape
nipple bleeding
tethering of the skin of the breast
peau d'orange
axillary lumps
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12
Q

What are the clinical signs of breast carcinoma?

A

Swelling of all or part of a breast
Skin irritation
Nipple discharge other than breast milk

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13
Q

What are the differential diagnoses that are associated with breast carcinoma?

A

FIBROADENOSIS
BREAST CYSTS
MASTITIS

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14
Q

Which investigations are done in suspected breast carcinoma cases?

A

IMAGING: Mammography, USS, MRI, CXR
SAMPLE: Biopsy, fine needle aspiration.

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15
Q

What are the appropriate treatments for breast carcinoma?

A

SURGERY: wide local excision, mastectomy
CHEMOTHERAPY
RADIOTHERAPY
HORMONAL THERAPY- Tamoxifen, bisphosphonates

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16
Q

When is ductal papilloma likely to present?

A

In women who are over the age of 40

17
Q

What are the main symptoms associated with ductal papilloma?

A

A breast lump (usually too small to palpate)

Nipple discharge with some bleeding

18
Q

What are the differential diagnoses associated with ductal papilloma?

A 
Ductal carcinoma
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Papillary carcinoma of the breast
Breast abscess with debris
Fat necrosis
19
Q

Which investigations are necessary in suspected ductal papilloma?

A

IMAGING: Mammography, USS, MRI, CXR
SAMPLE: Biopsy, fine needle aspiration.

20
Q

What treatment is available for ductal papilloma?

A

SURGERY to remove the lump

21
Q

Who is typically affected by fibrocystic disease?

A

It’s common in women aged 30-50 and affects about 50% of women

22
Q

What is the common cause of fibrocystic disease?

A

Excess growth of fibrous tissue and hormone imbalance are the main causes.

23
Q

What are the risk factors associated with fibrocystic disease?

A

NON-MODIFIABLE- family history of breast cancer, genetic factors, increasing age, early/late menarche, never having a child/children born age 30, not having breastfed.
PMH- Previous history of breast cancer
IATROGENIC- HRT, combined oral contraception
MODIFIABLE- obesity, alcohol

24
Q

What are the symptoms of fibrocystic disease?

A 
BREAST LUMP
change in nipple shape
nipple bleeding
tethering of the skin of the breast
peau d'orange
axillary lumps
25
Q

Clinical signs associated with fibrocystic disease?

A

Swelling of all or part of a breast
Skin irritation
Nipple discharge other than breast milk

26
Q

What are the differential diagnoses associated with fibrocystic disease?

A

FIBROADENOSIS
BREAST CYSTS
MASTITIS

27
Q

What are the investigations used in suspected fibrocystic disease?

A

IMAGING: Mammography, USS, MRI, CXR
SAMPLE: Biopsy, fine needle aspiration.

Core Conditions (11 decks)

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