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Cell Bio III > Vascular biology III > Flashcards

Vascular biology III Flashcards

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1
Q

What are factors that contribute to vascular wall stress?

A

Elevation in BP or increased flow

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2
Q

How does high flow affect an vessel?

A
  1. Larger lumen diameter
  2. Larger overall diameter
  3. Wall thickness stays the same
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3
Q

How does low flow affect a vessel?

A
  1. Smaller lumen diameter
  2. Smaller overall diameter
  3. Wall thickness stays the same
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4
Q

How does a large artery respond to increased pressure?

A

Outward hypertrophy:

  1. Thicker wall (larger overall diameter)
  2. Same lumenal diameter
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5
Q

How does a small artery respond to increased pressure?

A

Inward hypertrophy:

  1. Wall gets thicker in an INWARD direction (same overall diameter)
  2. Smaller lumenal diameter
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6
Q

How does an arteriole respond to increased pressure?

A

Three options:

Inward hypertrophy:

  1. Increased wall thickness
  2. Decreased lumenal diameter
  3. Same overall thickness

Inward (eutrophic) remodeling

  1. Decreased wall thickness
  2. Decreased wall diameter

Rarefaction (disappears)

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7
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A
  1. Endocardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Epicardium
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8
Q

What is found in the subendocardium?

A
  1. Loose CT
  2. Small blood vessels
  3. Nerve fibers
  4. Purkinje cells or fibers (ventricles only)
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9
Q

What are the layers of the endocardium?

A
  1. Endothelium
  2. Subendothelial layer
  3. Myoelastic layer
  4. Subendocardium
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10
Q

What are the three types of cardiocytes?

A
  1. Contractile
  2. Myoendocrine
  3. Specialized conductive
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11
Q

What are the important functions / characteristics of myoendocrine cells?

A
  1. Atrial natriuretic factor
  2. B-type natriuretic factor ventricles)
  3. Diuresis and vasodilation
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12
Q

Which myoendocrine cell is elevated in CHF?

A

B-type natriuretic factor

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13
Q

What is anchored to the cardiac skeleton?

A

Cardiac muscles and valves

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14
Q

What are the three layers of AV valves?

A
  1. Atrialis
  2. Spongiosa
  3. Fibrosa
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15
Q

What are the three layers of semilunar valves?

A
  1. Fibrosa
  2. Spongiosa
  3. Ventricularis
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16
Q

What is the function of the atrialis layer of AV valves?

A

Helps to contract valve

17
Q

What is the function of the spongiosa layer in AV valves?

A

Serves as a shock absorber

18
Q

What is the function of the fibrosa layer in AV and semilunar valves?

A

Mechanical integrity

19
Q

What are characteristics of SA node cells?

A
  1. Smaller than atrial muscle cells

2. Contain fewer myofibrils

20
Q

Where are Purkinje fibers located?

A

Subendocardium

21
Q

Cardiac stem cells and early committed cells can differentiate into what types of cells?

A

Cardiomyocytes, SMCs, and endothelial cells

22
Q

Activation of what cells can reconstitute necrotic myocardium?

A

Cardiac stem cells and early committed cells

23
Q

Where are cardiac stem cells and early committed cells located?

A

AV sulcus

24
Q

Do lymphatic capillaries contain pericytes or RBCs?

A

No

25
Q

Do lymphatic capillaries contain leukocytes?

A

Yes

26
Q

What are characteristics of lymphatic capillaries?

A
  1. Thin blind-ended vessels
  2. Lined by a single layer of endothelial cells
  3. Basal lamina is INCOMPLETE or ABSENT
  4. Anchoring fibrils (microfibrils)
  5. Pericytes and smooth muscle cells ABSENT
27
Q

What are the characteristics of lymphatic ducts?

A
  1. Similar to veins in structure
  2. Smooth muscle is found
  3. Vasa vasorum present
28
Q

LYVE-1 is specific to what type of cell?

A

Lymphatic endothelial cell

29
Q

What is the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever?

A

Immune response causes vegetations on mitral valve and Aschoff body formation - due to antibodies cross-reacting with self antigens in the heart and T-cell mediated reactions

Cell Bio III (10 decks)

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