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Cell Bio Exam 3 > Vascular Biology I > Flashcards

Vascular Biology I Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two components of vascular biology?

A

1) blood vascular system

2) lymphatic vascular system

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2
Q

What are the three layers of blood vessels in order from innermost to external?

A

tunica intima -> tunica media -> tunica adventitia

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3
Q

What are the two layers of the tunica intima?

A

1) Endothelium and basal lamina

2) Subendothelial layer

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4
Q

Where is the internal elastic lamina located?

A

Within the subendothelial layer of the tunica intima

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5
Q

What are the components of the subendothelial layer?

A

1) loose connective tissue
2) scattered fibroblasts and occasional smooth muscle cells (in arteries)
3) internal elastic lamina

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6
Q

What is the internal elastic lamina composed of?

A

Fenestrated elastin

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7
Q

Where would you find concentric layers of smooth muscle cells?

A

Within the tunica media

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8
Q

What four substances are found within the tunica media?

A

Elastin: fibronectin and fibrillin-1
Reticular fibers
Proteoglycans

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9
Q

Where would you find the external elastic membrane?

A

Tunica media

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10
Q

What are the three components of the tunica adventitia?

A

Type I collagen fibers
Elastic fibers
Fibroblasts

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11
Q

Which layer is the connective tissue layer?

A

Tunica adventitia

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12
Q

What does vasa vasorum mean?

A

vessels of the vessels

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13
Q

What is the difference between arteries and veins in terms of vasa vasorum?

A

Veins are more deeply penetrated by vasa vasorum because they carry deoxygenated blood and the oxygen and nutrients are needed deeper than they are needed in oxygen carrying arteries

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14
Q

Which vessels require vasa vasorum?

A

Vessels greater than 1 mm in diameter

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15
Q

What happens to vasa vasorum in atherosclerosis?

A

the vasa vasorum contribute to the angiogenesis and inflammation of the diseased vascular wall

  • includes intimal thickening
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16
Q

What happens to the vasa vasorum of the ascending aorta in syphilis?

A

the vasa vasorum of the ascending aorta becomes inflamed in syphilis

Results in endarteritis and periarteritis of the vasa vasorum –> obliteration

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17
Q

What causes a ‘tree bark’ appearance to be imprinted on the intimal surface?

A

Focal necrosis and scarring of the media and degeneration of the elastic lamellae due to syphilis results in depressions observed on the surface of the initima: “tree bark”

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18
Q

What is the innervation to blood vessels called?

A

nervi vasorum/vascularis

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19
Q

Do nerve endings found in the adventitia of arteries penetrate the media?

A

NO

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20
Q

Where are the nerve endings of nervi vasorum found in veins?

A

adventitia and media layers

  • less dense than arteries
21
Q

True or False: Nervi vasorum nerve fibers to blood vessels are mainly parasympathetic.

A

FALSE

Nerve fibers are mainly SYMPATHETIC

A few vascular bed may also receive parasympathetic fibers

22
Q

Describe endothelial cells

A

Flattened
Polygonal
Long axis in direction of blood vessel

23
Q

What junctions does an endothelial cell have?

A

1) Between endothelial cells and basal lamina

2) Myoedothelial: between muscle cell and endothelium

24
Q

What causes endothelial cell hyperpolarization? What is the net result?

A

Shear stress exerted by blood flow produces endothelial cell hyperpolarization.

This is conducted to vascular smooth muscle via gap junctions causing their hyperpolarization. Net result is vasodilation.

25
Q

What cells contain weibel-palade bodies?

A

Endothelial cells contain weibel-palade bodies

26
Q

What 5 things do weibel-palade bodies contain?

A

1) Von Willebrand factor (coagulating factor VIII)
2) Tissue plasminogen activator
3) Interleukin 8
4) P-selectin
5) Others

27
Q

What are 5 functions of endothelial cells?

A

1) Promote/inhibit blood coagulation [prtn S inhibits blood clotting]
2) Modulate smooth muscle activity [endothelin and NO]
3) Regulate inflammatory cell traffic
4) Transport numerous pinocytotic vesicles
5) Regulate angiogenesis

28
Q

Describe high pressure blood vessels.

A

Lots of smooth muscle and elastic elements

29
Q

Describe smaller arteries.

A

Prevalence of smooth muscle, less elastic than larger arteries.

30
Q

Describe veins.

A

Lots of connective tissue.

Larger veins will have a bit of elastin.

31
Q

Which is thicker: artery or vein?

A

Artery

32
Q

You see a lot of elastic tissue. What blood vessel are you looking at?

A

Arterial

33
Q

Where would you see alternating layers of elastin and smooth muscle?

A

Aorta

34
Q

Would you expect to find a fibroblast in the tunica media?

A

NO

There are typically not fibroblasts in the tunica media, the components of the tunica media are synthesized by smooth muscle cells

35
Q

In large, elastic arteries, will elastic lamellae increase, decrease, or stay the same with age? What are the other effects of aging?

A

Elastic lamellae increase with age

Aging also causes mild to moderate intimal fibrosis and fragmentation of elastic lamellae in the media

36
Q

What is the effect of Marfan’s syndrome on large arteries?

A

severe elastic medial fragmentation with GAG area “lakes of mucopolysaccharides’

37
Q

How does aging change muscular/medium arteries?

A

Progressive intimal fibrosis (thickening) and alterations of elastic elements

38
Q

What are metarterioles? What is their purpose?

A

Vessels between arterioles and capillaries

Help to regulate blood flow into the capillary bed

39
Q

What is the media of meatarterioles composed of>

A

A discontinuous layer of smooth muscle

40
Q

Which blood vessel has a one-to-one wall-to-lumen ratio?

A

Arterioles

The wall thickness should be approximately equivalent to the diameter of the lumen

41
Q

Do capillaries have a tunica adventitia?

A

NO

This would just get in the way

42
Q

Do capillaries have a true tunica media?

A

NO

Pericytes relate to the position of this layer

43
Q

What is one of the functions of pericytes?

A

Pericytes are contractile, they also contribute to the formation of scar tissue in the CNS and perhaps in other organs

44
Q

What type of cells are pericytes?

A

Mesenchymal cells

Can transform into smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts

45
Q

What are the three types of capillaries?

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

46
Q

Where are continuous capillaries located?

A

CNS
muscle
lungs

47
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries located?

A

Kidney
Intestines
Endocrine glands

48
Q

Where are sinusoidal capillaries located?

A

Spleen
Liver
Bone marrow

49
Q

Where do most aneurysms occur?

A

At points of branching or bifurcation (weak points)

Occur at areas where there is a gap in the circular muscle layer at bifurcation

Cell Bio Exam 3 (11 decks)

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