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Cell Bio Exam 3 > Exocrine Glands > Flashcards

Exocrine Glands Flashcards

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1
Q

From which of the four basic types of tissues are exocrine and endocrine glands derived from?

A

epithelium

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2
Q

What type of gland is connected to the external surface via a duct system?

A

exocrine

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3
Q

What type of gland loses the connection to the surface epithelium?

A

endocrine. these glands will be vascularized where they can secrete their products (hormones) and deliver to circulation

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4
Q

What kind of cells can be found in exocrine glands?

A

there are secretory cells that produce secretions and a duct system that secrets the product

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5
Q

What are adenomas and adenocarcinomas?

A

tumors from glands

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6
Q

Which of the two types of glandular tumors is malignant and which is benign?

A
  • adenocarcinomas are malignant

- adenomas are benign

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7
Q

In a micrograph, how will you be able to tell the difference between a benign gland versus a malignant gland?

A

benign glands will have a lighter color while the malignant glands have a much darker color

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8
Q

How are exocrine glands classified?

A

type of secretion
mode of secretion
cell numbers

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of secretions for exocrine glands?

A

serous
mucus
mixed
sebaceous

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10
Q

What are the 3 mode of secretions of exocrine glands?

A

merocrine (most common)
apocrine
holocrine

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11
Q

What does it mean to classify exocrine glands by cell numbers?

A

unicellular versus multicelluar

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12
Q

What are mucinogens? What do they form when they are hydrated?

A
  • large, glycosylated proteins

- when hydrated, they form a thick protective fluid called mucin

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13
Q

Mucin is a component of what?

A

mucus

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14
Q

What do mucous cells contain?

A

mucous cells contain mucus, which contains mucin, which is hydrated mucinogens

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15
Q

Where will you find the nuclei of mucous cells?

A

they are pushed down to the basal side of the cell because the mucous is at the apical portion

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16
Q

What kind of stain would you use to identify mucus in mucus-containing cells such as goblet cells?

A

PAS (mucinogens are glycosylated)

- look for the magenta color

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17
Q

What are serous cells? What are some examples?

A

watery secretion enriched with enzymes. parotid and exocrine pancreas

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18
Q

What does it mean by mixed exocrine glands?What are some examples?

A

mixed serous and mucous

submandibular and sublingual glands

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19
Q

Looking at a micrograph of mixed exocrine glands, how do you tell the difference between serous and mucous cells?

A
  • mucous cells are light-staining due to the mucus. The nuclei are flat and are pushed to the basal portion of the cells
  • serous cells are darker staining, cytoplasm is intensely acidophilic, nuclei are spherical
20
Q

Hair follicles have what type of exocrine glands attached to them?

A

sebaceous glands (all hair follicles are associated with sebaceous glands. BUT not all sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles)

21
Q

What do sebaceous glands look like in a micrograph? How do you distinguish between sebaceous and mucous?

A

clear cytoplasm just like mucous cells, but the nucleus is spherical and centrally located. nuclei found in mucous cells do not have these characteristics

22
Q

What do sebaceous glands secrete?

A

waxy, oily substance called sebum

23
Q

When do sebaceous glands begin to function?

A

at puberty under the influence of sex hormones

24
Q

What is acne vulgaris?

A

acne develops when the hair shaft has penetrated the hair follicle, giving off an inflammatory and fibrotic response

25
Q

In a micrograph, how would you tell acne vulgaris is taking place (3 things)?

A

1) inflammatory cells will be present (stained blue)
2) giant cells (due to chronic inflammatory state)
3) acidophilic collagen (causes fibrosis- disfiguration can occur)

26
Q

Briefly describe merocrine secretion

A

products are secreted via exocytosis, no loss of secretory cell

27
Q

Briefly describe holocrine secretion

A

loss of the entire cell (containing secretory products). mitosis occur to replace the lost cells
not common, ex. sebaceous gland

28
Q

Briefly describe apocrine secretion

A

loss of apical domain of the cell (containing secretory products)
not common, ex. mammary gland

29
Q

How are lipids secreted in lactating mammary glands?

A

via apocrine secretion

30
Q

What is the difference between simple and compound glands?

A
  • simple has a single, unbranched excretory duct

- compound have branching ducts that converge to form a single duct

31
Q

What are the two types of morphology in secretory units?

A

tubular or alveolar

they can be branched but with a single duct or no excretory duct

32
Q

What are the different types of simple glands (4)?

A

1) simple tubular (with or without duct)
2) simple coiled tubular
3) simple tubular branched
4) simple acinar or alveolar

33
Q

What are the different branching pattern of compound glands (3)?

A

1) branched tubular
2) branched acinar/ alveolar
3) branched tubuloacinar

34
Q

What is an example of unicellular gland?

A

goblet cell

35
Q

Are mucous cells unicellular or multicellular?

A

they form a multicellular glandular sheet

36
Q

Large multicellular glands are divided into…

A

lobes and lobules

37
Q

Describe the relationship between lobe, lobules, intralobules, and interlobules

A

Multiple lobes are located in a large multicellular gland, within a lobe there are lobules.
Ducts found within the lobules are intralobules.
Ducts found in between lobules in the connective tissue are interlobules

38
Q

What are the 2 different types of ducts found in intralobules?

A

1) intercalated duct (flattened cuboidal cells - wider than they are tall)
2) striated duct (acidophilic striations)

39
Q

How do you confirm the epithelial lineage of myoepithelial cells?

A

presence of cytokeratin

40
Q

How do you tell for sure it’s a striated duct in a micrograph?

A

acidophilic striations due to the mitochondria,

nuclei are pushed toward the apical domain (toward lumen), basal domain is acidophilic, columnar shape

41
Q

What is a serous demilune?

A

it’s an artifact found in traditional fixation. it’s a cap of serous cells surrounding mucous cells (normally serous cells are mixed in with mucous cells)

42
Q

What type of glandular arrangement do parotid glands have?

A

compound acinar

purely serous

43
Q

What type of glandular arrangement do submandibular glands have?

A

compound tubuloacinar

serous mixed with mucous, but primarily serous; serous cells exist as demilune cells in conventional fixation

44
Q

What type of glandular arrangement do sublingual glands have?

A

compound tubuloacinar

mixed with serous cells but primarily mucous, serous cells exist as demilune cells in conventional fixation

45
Q

Sjogren syndrome

A

autoimmune disease involving salivary and lacrimal glands that typically occur in women. they become fibrotic and enlarge

46
Q

What type of glandular arrangement do pancreas glands have?

A

compound acinar cells

centracinar cells, intercalated ducts, DO NOT have striated ducts

Cell Bio Exam 3 (11 decks)

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