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cell bio 3 > vascular bio 3 > Flashcards

vascular bio 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does high FLOW do to the outside diameter and the luminal diameter of blood vessels?

A
  • increases the outside diameter
  • increases the inner luminal diameter
  • low flow does the opposite
  • no change in thickness of the vessel
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2
Q

What happens to a large artery under INCREASED PRESSURE?

small artery?

A
  • outward hypertrophy-vessel becomes larger in diameter as wall becomes thicker and diameter of lumen remains unchanged
  • inward hypertrophy - outside diameter remains unchanged as wall becomes thicker and diameter of lumen decreases
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3
Q

what are the three responses arterioles have to higher pressure systems?

A
  • inward hypertrophy- wall gets thicker and luminal diameter gets smaller
  • inward eutrophic remodeling- wall gets thinner, diameter gets smaller
  • rarefaction-vessels disintegrate
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4
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A
  • endocardium- tunica intima
  • myocardium- tunica media
  • epicardium- tunica adventicia
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5
Q

what are the three types of cells (cardiocytes) that exist in the myocardium?

A
  • contractile
  • myoendocrine
  • specialized conductive
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6
Q

Endocardium- 4 layers

A
  • simple squamous endothelium and basal lamina
  • subendothelial layer
  • myoelastic layer- sm and elastic and collagen fibers
  • subendocardium
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7
Q

what does the subendocardium have in it

A

loose connective tissue
small blood vessels
nerve fibers
purkinji cells or fibers (IN VENTRICLES)

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8
Q

what are the myoendocrine cells of the myocardium

A
  • atrial natriuretic factor
  • B type natriuretic factor (elevated in CHF)
  • BOTH do diuresis and vasodilation
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9
Q

what are the two layers of the epicardium

A

esothelium- simple squamous epithelium and basal lamina

subepicardium

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10
Q

how does the epicardium change when we are near a sulcus?

A
  • near a sulcus, we see venous and arterial systems with adipose tissue
  • not near sulcus- mostly fibrocollagenous layer, no art, ven or adipose
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11
Q

cardiac skeleton

A
  • dense connective tissue (FIBROUS) where cardiac muscle and valves are anchored
  • layer of separation of conduction system of ventricles and atria
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12
Q

what are the layers of the AV valves

A
  • on each side of the valve- (atrial side and venous side)- get endothelial layer with basal lamina
  • from the atrial side, get the atrialis, spongiosa, fibrosa
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13
Q

atrialis, spongiosa, fibrosa

A
  • atrialis- elastic and collagenous layer that lies under the basal lamina and helps with CONTRACTION OF VALVES
  • Spongiosa- shock absorber
  • fibrosa- maintains mechanical integrity of the valve
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14
Q

mitral or triscuspid valve regurge is due to…

A
  • myxomatous state of atrialis that causes the valve to be floppy and insufficient
  • elastin and collagen disorganization
  • increased deposition of dermatin sulfate (used in wound repair)
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15
Q

what are the layers of the semilunar valves?

A

FROM VENTRICLE TO AORTA/PULM CIRC

  • endothelial layer with basal lamina
  • ventriculosa (instead of atrialis)
  • spongiosa
  • fibrosa
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16
Q

how does the fibrosa of AV valves compare to that of the semilunars?

A

semilunar valves have larger fibrosa layer to accommodate for larger pressure systems such as the one in the aorta

17
Q

what patients are at higher risk of developing calcified semilunar valves?

A

-pt with atherosclerotic risk factors

18
Q

what occurs in the SA node as we age?

A
  • we lose up to 90% of our SA nodal cells by age 80

- accounts for our decrease in resting heart rate as we age

19
Q

Bundle of His

A
  • atrioventricular bundle
  • purkinji cells present and are located in the subendocardial layer of the endocardium
  • purkinji fibers are connected to muscle cells by gap jxns
  • abundant glycogen
  • 1 or 2 nuclei per cell
20
Q

what can be activated to reconstitute necrotic myocardium? How?

A
  • cardiac stem cells, early committed cells

- to develop into smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells

21
Q

where are cardiac stem cells and early committed cells usually located?

A

in the AV sulcus and they migrate from AV sulcus to the site of injury

22
Q

over a lifetime, how many times do we replace our cardiac cells?

A

11-15 times

23
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A
  • thin blind ended vessels
  • lined by a single layer of endothelial cells w/o basal lamina b/c wanna provoke lymph to come into the lymphatic capillary
  • NO PERICYTES- passive flow
  • have microfibrils that prevent the capillary from collapsing on itself
  • NO RBCS
24
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

-formed by joined lymphatic capillaries
similar to veins though walls are thinner
has valves
IF THEY ARE DENSER THAN USUAL, ARE A PROGNOSTIC INDICATOR FOR SPREAD OF MALIGNANT TUMORS

25
Q

lymphatic ducts

A

similar to veins
have smooth muscle
vasa vasorum

26
Q

What happens if you have an increased expression of LYVE-1?

A

it is expressed in lymphatic blood vessels and an increase indicates tumor growth and malignancy

27
Q

Rheumatic Fever

A
  • affects mitral valve
  • streptococcal pharyngitis
  • causes vegetation to grow on MV-antibodies developed against the bacteria cross react with the self antigens in the MV
28
Q

Aschoff body

A
  • body developed by rheumatic fever

- lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages

cell bio 3 (9 decks)

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