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cell bio 3 > exocrine glands > Flashcards

exocrine glands Flashcards

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1
Q

endocrine glands

A

synthesize and release hormones to be transported in the blood to target cells
OR released into extracellular fluid
exert paracrine or autocrine effects

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2
Q

Exocrine

A

make hormones that are conveyed in epithelial lines EXCRETORY ducts

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3
Q

what do tumors like adenomas and adenocarcinomas develop from?

A

glands

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4
Q

how are exocrine glands classified?

A

by what they secrete
how they secrete it
cell numbers

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5
Q

what are the four classifications of exocrine glands based on secretion type?

A

sebaceous- waxy, oily
serous-watery with enzymes
mixed- mucus and serous combo
mucus-mucus, thick and can serve as a plug

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6
Q

mucus glands

-examples?

A

type of exocrine gland that secrete large glycosylated proteins called mucinogens
when hydrated, the mucinogens become viscous and are called mucin
-examples: goblet cells, and mucous cells of stomach

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7
Q

serous glands

-examples?

A

type of exocrine gland that secretes watery, enzyme hormones

ex: parotid gland and exocrine pancreas

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8
Q

mixed glands

-ex?

A

type of exocrine gland with serous and mucus secretory units

ex: submandibular and sublingual gland

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9
Q

sebaceous glands

-Ex?

A
  • waxy, oily secretions called sebum

- skin glands- acne vulgaris

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10
Q

how are exocrine glands classified based on mode of secretion?

A
  • merocrine- exocytosis with no loss of cytoplasm or plamalemma
  • MOST COMMON
  • apocrine- pdt released along with apical cytoplasm and apical plamalemma
  • holocrine- secretory pdt released with ENTIRE CELL -usually used with sebacous glands
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11
Q

what are the classifications of exocrine glands based on cell numbers?

A

1) multicellular- can be released either a) as organized secretory sheets or b) as secretory tubules or c) as secretory units and ducts
2) unicellular- as individual secretory cells -found in epithelium (ex-goblet cells)

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12
Q

how are multicellular exocrine glands that have secretory units and ducts further classified?

A

based on shape and duct system

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13
Q

what are the exocrine multicellular glands classification based on shape

A

acinus- aka aveolous (circular)

tubular (tube like)

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14
Q

where would you most likely find goblet cells?

A

small intestine and trachea

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15
Q

how do you know that you are looking at a mucus cell?

A

have a white space with nucleus pushed to periphery

nucleus is flat

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16
Q

how do you know that you are looking at a serous cell?

A

circular nucleus, acidophilic cytoplasm

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17
Q

how do you know that you are looking at a sebaceous gland?

A

has circular nucleus that is centrally located but has clear cytoplasm like mucus cell

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18
Q

what types of cells are associated with acne vulgaris?

A

sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. follicles become clotted and we get inflammatory cells (basophilic) and often giant cells (associated with chronic inflammation)
-also get collagen production locally that can cause disfiguration

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19
Q

what types of duct systems exist for multicellular glands?

A

1) simple- single, unbranched excretory duct -some glands don’t even have a duct
2) compound- branching ducts that converge to form a single duct that opens onto the epithelial surface

20
Q

how are multicellular glands divided ?

A

into LOBES made by the collagenous capsule that surrounds them and the septa then continue to divide the lobes into LOBULES

21
Q

what are the classifications for multicellular ducts

A

intralobular ducts-in the lobule -intercalated and striated

interlobular- found in connective septa that separate lobules

22
Q

myoepithelial cells

A
  • surround multicellular glands and small ducts and act as contractile cells that express secretion
  • contain actin and myosin
  • connected to epithelial cells via desmosomes and gap jxns
23
Q

how do you identify a striated, intralobular duct?

A
  • mitochondria that form striations with nuclei pushed to apical domain of the cell
  • if no striations, just looks at the acidophilic nature of the cytoplasm
24
Q

what type of secretion, ducts, shape of secretory unit and cellular component does the parotid gland have?

A

secretion: serous
duct: compound
shape: acinar
multicellular
have interlobular and intralobular ducts with intercalated and striated ducts

25
Q

what type of secretion, ducts, shape of secretory unit and cellular component does the submandibular gland have?

A

secretion: mucus and serous (mixed)-primarily serous with DEIMILUNE cells being serous
duct: compound
shape: tubuloacinar
- have interlobular and intralobular ducts with intercalated and striated ducts

26
Q

dimilune

A

artifact of conventional fixation found with serous endocrine glands
serous cells over a mucous unit

27
Q

what type of secretion, ducts, shape of secretory unit and cellular component does the sublingual gland have?

A

secretion: mixed-serous and mucus-mostly MUCUS
-SEROUS ALMOST ALL SEROUS DEMILUNE
ducts: compound
shape of secretory unit: tubuloacinar
cellular component: intra and interlobular ducts

28
Q

Whats unique about the intralobular ducts of the sublingual gland?

A

they are less developed than other salivary glands

29
Q

what type of secretion, ducts, shape of secretory unit and cellular component does the pancreas gland have?

A

secretion: serous
ducts: compound
shape: acinar
* same as parotid except POSSESSES ISLETS OF LANGERHANS (PANCREATIC ISLETS) AND HAS NO STRIATED DUCTS
ducts: secrete BICARB and there are intralobular, interlobular ducts with intercalated ducts

30
Q

what are islets of Langerhans (pancreatic islets)

A

they are centroacinar cells that are unique to the pancreas

31
Q

sjogren syndrome

A
  • autoimmune disease usually in women 50-60 yr
  • swelling of lacrimal and parotid gland- infiltrated by T cells; glands become fibrotic
  • parotid swells to about 50%
  • dry eyes and mouth, difficulty swallowing, speaking and tasting
  • lymph nodes swollen with B cells
  • ancillary symptoms: peripheral neuropathy, pulmonary fibrosis
32
Q

what kind of duct is the striated duct

A

intralobular

33
Q

mode of secretion of the parotid gland

A

merocrine

34
Q

the submandibular gland is an example of-

A

a compound tubuloacinar gland

35
Q

what mode of secretion does the mammary gland use

A

apocrine

36
Q

what type of duct is the striated duct

A

intralobular

37
Q

classification of goblet cell

A

unicellular

38
Q

classification of luminal surface of stomach

A

multicellular sheet

39
Q

classification of paraurethral glands

A

simple acinar

40
Q

classification of sebaceous gland

A

simple branched acinar

41
Q

classification of sweat glands

A

simple coiled tubular

42
Q

classification of intestinal glands

A

simple tubular

43
Q

classification of glands of the stomach and duodenal glands

A

simple branched tubular

44
Q

classification of pancreas and parotid

A

compound acinar

45
Q

classification of bulbourethral glands

A

compound tubular

46
Q

classification of submandibular and sublingual glands

A

compound tubuloacinar

cell bio 3 (9 decks)

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