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cell bio 3 > Vascular bio 2 > Flashcards

Vascular bio 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what’s the arteriole’s counterpart?

A

venuole

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2
Q

what are the three types of capillaries? are there any subclasses?

A
  • continuous
  • fenestrated: subclass- with diaphragm and w/o
  • sinusoidal
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3
Q

pericyte

A

contractile
mesenchymal cells
can differentiate into fibroblasts and SM cells

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4
Q

what is the structure of continuous capillaries?

A
  • Have tight jxns between endothelial cells and linked with zona occludens
  • lack pores between endothelial cells (continuous)
  • have lots of pinocytotic vesicles (because completely closed so need a way to tx stuff)
  • well developed basal lamina
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5
Q

where do we find continuous capillaries?

A

-brain, muscle, connective tissue, exocrine glands

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6
Q

what is the structure of fenestrated capillaries?

A
  • have fenestrations in the walls of endothelial cells
  • pores usually closed by thin diaphragm
  • basal lamina is continuous
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7
Q

where are fenestrated capillaries normally located?

A
  • Where there is rapid exchange

- kidneys (NONGLOMERULAR) , endocrine glands, intestines

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8
Q

where are fenestrated capillaries that lack a diaphragm over the pores?

A

the glomerular kidney

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9
Q

what is unique about the pinocytotic vesicles in continuous capillaries?

A

they can form a channel by which things can travel from lumen to outer layers of the blooc vessel

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10
Q

sinusoidal capillaries structure

A
  • HUGE openings between endothelial cells
  • discontinuous or absent basal lamina
  • 30-40 micrometers (vs 5-10)
  • ASSOCITATED WITH MACROPHAGES
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11
Q

where are sinusoidal capillaries usually found?

A
  • in areas of rapid exchange and where cells can be exchanged
  • red bone marrow (to allow synthesized cells to rapidly enter the blood stream especially w/o basal lamina blocking it), liver, spleen, adrenal cortex
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12
Q

what are the types of venules?

A
  • pericytic venules (have pericytes around them and are the smaller version)
  • Muscular venules- that have SM in them (larger)
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13
Q

what does the tunica media look like in veins? how about the adventitia?
internal/external membranes?

A
  • media- thin
  • adventitia- thick
  • no internal and external elastic membranes
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14
Q

vasculogenesis

A

de novo vessel formation

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15
Q

angiogenesis

A

growth from existing extracellular derived channels

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16
Q

arteriogenesis

A

formation of arteries, arterioles and collateral vessel remodeling

17
Q

neovascularization

A

OVERACARCHING term used to define arteriogenesis, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis

18
Q

remodeling

A
  • vascular response to alterations in the environment
19
Q

what two mechanisms are used to develop blood vessels?

A
  • from endothelial precursor cells

- from pre-existing vessels

20
Q

what methods of neovascularization do tumors use?

A

BOTH

  • forming from endothelial precursor cells
  • from pre-existing vessels
21
Q

where do endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) usually reside and describe what occurs

A

-they usually reside in the bone marrow and migrate to the area where the new blood vessel will be formed. mechanism unknown

22
Q

what kind of vessels do EPCs replace?

A

lost endothelial cells
reendovascularization of vascular implants (stents)
neovascularization of ischemic organs, wounds, and tumors

23
Q

what is the mechanism by which neovascularization occurs from pre-existing blood vessels?

A

1) vasodilate the vessel via NO
2) Increase vascular permeability by VEGF
3) Partially degrade basal lamina by metaloproteinases
4) disrupt intracellular proteinases by plasminogen activator
5) Ang-2 destabilizes the vessels
6) when everything is destabilized, the endothelial cells will proliferate and migrate and form a capillary tube
7) Stabilize: elaboration of the basal lamina by TGF-Beta and recruitment of the periendothelial cells and smooth muscle (mediated by ang-1, tie2, and PDGF- platelet derived growth factor)

24
Q

Ang-1 vs ang-2

A

ang-1 stabilizes and ang-2 destabilizes

25
Q

Tumor endothelial marker 8

A
  • protein found in endothelial cells of tumor vessels

- can be used as a marker to deliver drugs to the tumor vessels

26
Q

Saphenous vein

A
  • used in CABG due to the fact that it has a LARGE tunica media (so thicker than other veins)
  • has 2-3 layers of SM in the tunica media (longitudinal and circular)
  • undergoes remodeling to adjust to new environment- intimal thickening
27
Q

what does TGF beta mediate in angiogenesis

A

elaboration of basal lamina

28
Q

what vascular segment possesses pericytes?

A

capillaries and venules

29
Q

what vascular segment would u expect to have longitudinally arranged bundles of smooth muscle in its tunica adventitia?

A

large vein

cell bio 3 (9 decks)

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