Vascular And Lymphatics

Question 1

Whats the most common site for coarctation of aorta?

Answer 1

Near the ligamentum arteriosum (derivitive of PDA)

Question 2

In postductal coarcation of the aorta, what two arteries are used dor collateral circulation?

Answer 2

Internal Thoracic arteries and intercostal arteries

Question 3

Why does coarcation of the aorta causes “rib notching?” What is this?

Answer 3

• it is the presence of a deformation of a part of a rib- see in scans
• collateral vessels become so large from the increased pressure that they cause a notable pulsation in the intercostal spaces and erode adjacent surfaces of the ribs

Question 4

With an aneurysm of the ascending aorta, the swelling can press against what structures? What symptoms would you see the patient exhibit?

Answer 4

• esophagus, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve

- difficulty swallowing and breathing

Question 5

List six branches of the thoracic aorta. From what vertebrae level does the thoracic aorta run from?

Answer 5

• superior phrenic artery, bronchial artery, esophageal artery, mediastinal artery, subcostal arteries, posterior intercostal arteries
• T4/T5-T12

Question 6

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta start at? Where does it end?

Answer 6

T12-L4

Question 7

List the 3 arteries that come off of the internal thoracic artery. Where does the internal thoracic artery originate from?

Answer 7

• musculophrenic artery (supply intercostal 7-9), intercostal arteries (supply intercostal 1-6), superior epigastric artery
• comes from the subclavian artery

Question 8

What branches off of the femoral artery?

Answer 8

Superficial circumflex iliac artery and the superficial epigastric artery

Question 9

What branches off the external iliac artery?

Answer 9

-inferior epigastric artery, deep circumflex iliac artery

Question 10

What are the branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery?

Answer 10

• superior vesical artery
• obturator artery
• uterine artery
• middle rectal artery
• inferior gluteal artery
• internal pudendal artery
• inferior vesical artery (males)

Question 11

What are the branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?

Answer 11

• iliolumbar
• superior gluteal
• lateral sacral

Question 12

What are branches of the external carotid?

Answer 12

• superior thyroid
• ascending pharygeal
• linguinal
• facial
• occipital
• posterior auricular
• superficial temporal
• maxillary

Question 13

What two vessels, if damaged, cause esophageal varicies?

Answer 13

• esophageal vein (azygos vein is a branch)

- lett gastric vein

Question 14

Anastomoses between what two systems provide collateral circulation in case of obstruction in thr portal vein?

Answer 14

• portal venous system

- systemic (caval) venous system

Question 15

The portal vein continues as what?

Answer 15

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 16

For a left heart cardiac catheterization to the LCA, what is the path used for a right femoral artery approach?

Answer 16

Right femoral artery, external iliac artery, common iliac artery, descending aorta, aortic arch, ascending aorta, LCA

Question 17

List the common sources of pulmonary embolisms.

Answer 17

• external iliac vein
• femoral vein
• deep vein of thigh
• popliteal vein
• posterior tibial vein
• soleal plexus of veins

Question 18

Where are lymphatic vessels absent?

Answer 18

CNS, teeth, bone, and bone marrow

Question 19

What body system is responsible for absorbing fat (chylomicrons) from the small intestine and to return to the venous system?

Answer 19

Lymphatic system

Question 20

75% of the lymph from the breast drains into what group of lymph nodes?

Answer 20

Axillary lymph nodes

Question 21

What nodes are palpable if theres an infection or mass?

Answer 21

-deep cervical nodes (high neck), axillary nodes, inguinal nodes