Goal 1: Mediastinum Flashcards
How many ribs makes up the thoracic skeleton? How many vertebrae? How many intervertebral disks?
-12 for all
What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
- top: manubrium
- middle: body
- bottom: xiphoid process
What are the cartilages that connect each rib to the sternum?
Costal cartilages
What is the name of the space between the jugular veins?
Jugular notch
What is the mass of tissue between the pulmonary cavities and the ventral compartment of the thoracic cavity?
Mediastinum
What are the two parts of the mediastinum? Where is the separation?
- superior
- inferior: anterior, middle, posterior parts
- separates at sternal angle anteriorly and through iv disc of T4 and T5
The Brachiocephalic trunk gives rise to what two arteries?
Right common carotid and right subclavian
What are the contents of the superior mediastinum?
- thymus
- right and left bracheocephalic veins
- ascending aorta and it’s branches
- vagus and phrenic nerves
- trachea
- alimentary tract-esophagus
- lymphatic trunks
What forms the SVC?
Left and right brachiocephalic veins
What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?
- esophagus
- descending aorta
- azygos and hemiazygos veins
- thoracic duct
- vagus nerves
- splanchnic nerves
- lymph nodes
- intercostal arteries and veins
Where does the esophagus start and end? Vertebrae wise?
- pharynx to stomach
- C7-T10
Patient with a history of heart enlarged heart has problems swallowing. What’s likely enlarged and why does this happen?
- left atrium
- it’s right in front of the esophagus; if it gets big, pushes against the esophagus and blocks it
Where does the descending aorta start? Where does it continue as the abdominal aorta?
- T4
- continues as AA at T12 and on
What are the six branches of the aorta?
- posterior costal
- subcostal
- bronchial
- Mediastinal
- esophageal
- superior phrenic
What two main heart vessels does the azygos vein connect?
SVC and IVC
What does the thoracic duct drain? Right lymphatic duct?
- thoracic: Lower limbs, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, left upper limb, left thorax head and neck
- right: right superior quadrant
Where does the scope go for a Mediastinoscopy?
-superior to jugular notch at root of neck into the space anterior to trachea
What’s a common cause of widening of the inferior mediastinum?
Heart hypertrophy or malignant lymphoma
What is the vertebrae level of the sternal angle?
T4-T5
What is directly behind the body of the sternum?
Right ventricle
A patient has nonpitting edema. What type of vessel system would be the cause of this?
Lymphatic system problem like thoracic duct
What chamber of heart forms the left border? Right border? Inferior border?
- left: left ventricle and part of the left auricle
- right: right atrium, extends between SVC and IVC
- inferior: right ventricle, and part of left ventricle at the apex
What is the extent of the SVC?
2nd costal cartilage to the 3rd costal
Cartilage on the right side
For cardiac tamponade, what are the 3 main symptoms of it?
-becks triad: jugular vein distention, hypotension, diminished heart sounds
