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Med 2: Cardio > Goal 1: Mediastinum > Flashcards

Goal 1: Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

How many ribs makes up the thoracic skeleton? How many vertebrae? How many intervertebral disks?

A

-12 for all

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

A
  • top: manubrium
  • middle: body
  • bottom: xiphoid process
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3
Q

What are the cartilages that connect each rib to the sternum?

A

Costal cartilages

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4
Q

What is the name of the space between the jugular veins?

A

Jugular notch

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5
Q

What is the mass of tissue between the pulmonary cavities and the ventral compartment of the thoracic cavity?

A

Mediastinum

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6
Q

What are the two parts of the mediastinum? Where is the separation?

A
  • superior
  • inferior: anterior, middle, posterior parts
  • separates at sternal angle anteriorly and through iv disc of T4 and T5
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7
Q

The Brachiocephalic trunk gives rise to what two arteries?

A

Right common carotid and right subclavian

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8
Q

What are the contents of the superior mediastinum?

A
  • thymus
  • right and left bracheocephalic veins
  • ascending aorta and it’s branches
  • vagus and phrenic nerves
  • trachea
  • alimentary tract-esophagus
  • lymphatic trunks
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9
Q

What forms the SVC?

A

Left and right brachiocephalic veins

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10
Q

What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

A
  • esophagus
  • descending aorta
  • azygos and hemiazygos veins
  • thoracic duct
  • vagus nerves
  • splanchnic nerves
  • lymph nodes
  • intercostal arteries and veins
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11
Q

Where does the esophagus start and end? Vertebrae wise?

A
  • pharynx to stomach

- C7-T10

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12
Q

Patient with a history of heart enlarged heart has problems swallowing. What’s likely enlarged and why does this happen?

A
  • left atrium

- it’s right in front of the esophagus; if it gets big, pushes against the esophagus and blocks it

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13
Q

Where does the descending aorta start? Where does it continue as the abdominal aorta?

A
  • T4

- continues as AA at T12 and on

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14
Q

What are the six branches of the aorta?

A
  • posterior costal
  • subcostal
  • bronchial
  • Mediastinal
  • esophageal
  • superior phrenic
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15
Q

What two main heart vessels does the azygos vein connect?

A

SVC and IVC

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16
Q

What does the thoracic duct drain? Right lymphatic duct?

A
  • thoracic: Lower limbs, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, left upper limb, left thorax head and neck
  • right: right superior quadrant
17
Q

Where does the scope go for a Mediastinoscopy?

A

-superior to jugular notch at root of neck into the space anterior to trachea

18
Q

What’s a common cause of widening of the inferior mediastinum?

A

Heart hypertrophy or malignant lymphoma

19
Q

What is the vertebrae level of the sternal angle?

20
Q

What is directly behind the body of the sternum?

A

Right ventricle

21
Q

A patient has nonpitting edema. What type of vessel system would be the cause of this?

A

Lymphatic system problem like thoracic duct

22
Q

What chamber of heart forms the left border? Right border? Inferior border?

A
  • left: left ventricle and part of the left auricle
  • right: right atrium, extends between SVC and IVC
  • inferior: right ventricle, and part of left ventricle at the apex
23
Q

What is the extent of the SVC?

A

2nd costal cartilage to the 3rd costal

Cartilage on the right side

24
Q

For cardiac tamponade, what are the 3 main symptoms of it?

A

-becks triad: jugular vein distention, hypotension, diminished heart sounds

25
Q

What is right dominant circulation? What is left dominant circulation? What percentage of people are in each?

A
  • right: PDA develops from the RCA, 60% have this

- left: PDA develops from the LCA, 40% have this

26
Q

What vein accompanies the anterior interventricular artery?

A

Great cardiac vein or anterior IV vein

27
Q

What vessel supplies the anterior 2/3rd of the interventricular septum? Which supplies the posterior 1/3rd of the IV septum?

A
  • LAD: anterior 2/3rd

- RCA: posterior 1/3rd

28
Q

The left anterior descending artery supplies what area of the heart?

A

The front, whole left ventricle

29
Q

The left circumflex artery supplies what area of the heart?

A

Left lateral area

30
Q

The posterior IV descending artery supplies what area of the heart?

A

Posterior-inferior part of the heart

31
Q

The right marginal artery supplies what part of the heart?

A

Right lateral side of the heart

32
Q

What is the normal cardiothoracic width (CTR)? How is it calculated? If its greater than normal, what does it mean?

A
  • normal is less than 0.50
  • cardiac width divided by thoracic width
  • may mean cardiomegaly
33
Q

What is anterior to the posterior mediastinum? Posterior? Superior? Inferior? On each side?

A
  • Anterior: bifurcation of trachea, pulmonary vessels, fibrous pericardium
  • posterior: lower 8 thoracic vertebrae, intervertebral disks
  • superior: imaginary horizontal plane
  • inferior: diaphragm
  • each side: medastinal pleura

Med 2: Cardio (11 decks)

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