vascular anatomy of the limbs

Question 1

which have the highest pressure; arteries or veins?

Answer 1

arteries

Question 2

do arteries branch or join together?

Answer 2

branch

Question 3

do veins branch or join together?

Answer 3

join together

Question 4

how much of the blood is in the venous system?

Answer 4

80%

Question 5

veins have low pressure. how else can blood get through the veins to the heart?

Answer 5

gravity in the superior VC

• ve pressure in the thorax and abdomen
• ve pressure from the heart contracting

Question 6

what branches off the subclavians?

Answer 6

internal thoracic arteries

vertebral arteries

Question 7

what is the main role of the subclavian arteries?

Answer 7

supply the upper limbs

Question 8

which artery does the subclavian artery continue into?

Answer 8

axillary artery

Question 9

where does the axillary artery start and end?

Answer 9

starts at lateral border of the 1st rib

ends at the lateral border of the teres major

Question 10

where does the axillary artery run?

Answer 10

through the armpit

Question 11

what branches off the axillary artery?

Answer 11

humeral circumflex

Question 12

what does the humeral circumflex supply?

Answer 12

the head of the humerus

Question 13

what are the three regions of the axillary artery?

Answer 13

1st rib to pec minor
underneath pec minor to enter armpit
pec minor to teres major

Question 14

what does the axillary artery branch into?

Answer 14

brachial artery

Question 15

where does the brachial artery end?

Answer 15

1cm below the elbow

Question 16

what is a major branch of the brachial artery?

Answer 16

profundal brachii

Question 17

where does the profundal brachii run?

Answer 17

posterior compartment of the arm

Question 18

what does the profundal brachii supply?

Answer 18

the triceps

Question 19

where is the brachial artery found?

Answer 19

superficial on the anterior side

Question 20

where is the brachial pulse found?

Answer 20

just above the elbow as the bicep transitions into a tendon

Question 21

what is the advantage of collateral circulation in joints?

Answer 21

prevents ischaemia if the joint is injured

allows for blood to the joint even if that artery is occluded

Question 22

what does the brachial artery divide into?

Answer 22

ulnar and radial arteries

Question 23

where does the ulnar artery run and what does it supply?

Answer 23

medial aspect of the forearm

supplies medial muscles of the forearm

Question 24

what does the ulnar artery branch into?

Answer 24

common interosseous

Question 25

what does the common interosseous supply?

Answer 25

deep flexors and extensors of the arm - blood supply to the back of the arm

Question 26

where does the radial artery branch?

Answer 26

the lateral aspect of the forearm superficially

Question 27

what does the radial artery supply?

Answer 27

lateral muscles of the forearm

Question 28

where is the radial pulse found?

Answer 28

lateral to the tendon of the flexcarparadialis

Question 29

what is the ulnar pulse found?

Answer 29

lateral to the tendon of the flexacarpiulnaris

Question 30

why is the ulnar pulse more difficult to palpate?

Answer 30

deeper and under the carpal bones and palmar fascia

Question 31

what does the anastomoses of the radial and ulnar arteries form?

Answer 31

superficial and deep palmar arches

Question 32

which artery does the superficial arch mainly branch from?

Answer 32

the ulnar

Question 33

which artery does the deep arch mainly branch from?

Answer 33

radial artery

Question 34

what arteries arise from the palmar arches and what do they supply?

Answer 34

metacarpal and digital arteries - supply the fingers

Question 35

explain how to carry out the allen test?

Answer 35

occlude radial and ulnar arteries while patient puts hand into a fist pushes venous blood through the venous system hand should go white when opened colour returns within 3 seconds

Question 36

what processes have superseded the allen test?

Answer 36

doppler and ultrasound

Question 37

how are deep veins named?

Answer 37

after their arteries

Question 38

what are the two types of venous return?

Answer 38

deep and superficial

Question 39

how many veins for every artery in the limb?

Answer 39

2

Question 40

which 2 superficial veins start from the dorsal venous network?

Answer 40

basilic vein | cephalic vein

Question 41

what vein links the basilic and cephalic vein?

Answer 41

median cubital vein

Question 42

what is the median cubital vein used for?

Answer 42

talking venous blood samples | doing venipuncture

Question 43

what vein do basilic and cephalic veins drain into?

Answer 43

axillary vein | subclavian vein

Question 44

how does venous blood drain from the subclavian vein to the heart?

Answer 44

subclavian --> brachiocephalic --> superior vena cava --> heart