Vascular Flashcards
the first branch of the SC artery is
vertebrals
first branch of the ICA is
opthalmic artery
first branch of the ECA is
superior thyroid
the ____ artery and the ____ artery of the ECA join with the opthalmic artery of the ICA and can be collaterals
facial, superficial temporal
Inflow arteries____, outflow arteries___, runoff arteries____
Ao to EIA, CFA to pop, calf
the CIV and EIV are ___ to the partner artery?
medial
what vessels are key in BP control?
arterioles
what vessels are key in autoregulation control?
arterioles
veins are mostly made of
elastic and collagen
expanding of large arteries helps….
maintain arteriole pressure
lots of energy lost at arterioles because (good thing)
the are muscular, not as much stretch
continuity law
V = Q/A
bernoullie principle
velocity increases, pressure decreases
loss of energy required to move blood in opposite direction
intertia
reynolds number desrcibes
turbulence
Re >2000 =
turbulence
Q/flow rate is managed by
arterioles
during rest, arterioles are
____ and show ____ resistance
vasoconstricted, low resistance
MAP =
100 mmhg
inertia is lost…
at the entrance and exit of stenosis - more at exit
what is crucial for controlling stroke volume and cardiac output
the venous system
hypotensive with
dehydration, hemorrhage *decrease venous volume
hypertensive with
transfusion, renal retention *increase venous volume
hydrostatic pressure while laying down is
negligible
hight transmural pressure means
pressure inside vein is greater then surrounnding vein, so pressure pushing out, so DISTENDED
low transmural pressure
pressure around vein is greater then in vein so COLLAPSED/ELLIPTICAL vein
edema is a sign of ____ venous pressure
increased
during inspiration
thoracic pressure decreases, abdo pressure increases, venous blood in legs stops (pressure prevents it from coming up into IVC), flow to upper extremities increases
during expxiration
thoracic pressure increases, abdo pressure decreases, flow in legs continues, flow in upper extremities decrease
DVT is more likely to be dislodge….
in the calfs - b/c calf muscle pump
if you see a popliteal aneurysm..
likely on in aorta too
two other names for balloon angioplasty
TLD, PTA
EVAR’s treat
AAA
autogenous means
own native vein used
fabric/woven graft type
dacron
RINDs last
24-72 hours
what is a significant risk factor for an embolic event?
atrial fibrilation
carotid territory symptoms affect the ___ side
opposite
cant talk
aphasia
can speak but doesnt make sense
dysphagia
weakness
paresis
numbness
paraesthesia
problem with moving tongue/lips/muscles
dysarthria
iscemia of eye
amaurosis fugax
amaurosis fugas happens on the ___ side
same
loss of balance
ataxia
subclavian artery usually has a _____ waveform
high resistant/triphasic
only ___% of TIAs are from carotid plaque
10
DR % reduction equation (A = ___, B=___)
A-B/A x100
A = distal to stenosis
B = in stenosis
DR measurement is or is not routinely done on US?
NOT
Area reduction is good for (conncentric, or non-connentric) narrowing
non-conncentric
__ has the highest diastolic velocty
ICA (DIAstolic)
tardus parvus has ___ SAT
long
50-69% DR = ___ cm/s, Ratio = ___
125, 2-4
70% DR =___cm/s, ratio =___
230, >4.0
the ratio is ___/___
ICA over CCA
surgery recommended for
70-99% stenosis and SYMPTOMATIC
marginal benefit of surgery with a ____ % stenosis
50-69
must look closely with ICA occlusion - why
if still trickle flow may do surgery, use power - wall thump artifact from ECA can make it seem like flow in ICA occlusion
occlusion of the ___ vertebral artery is uncommon
mid
if bilaterally high resistant vertebral arteries, means ______
basilar artery stenosis
___ side is more affected by subclavian steals
left
SS of subclavian steal
often asymptomatic, decreased brachial pressures
advanced bunny sign indicates
partial steal
treatment for asymptomatic subclavian steal
none
dissections associated with which syndromes?
marfans, ehlers-danlos
flow in false lumen of dissection will be
high resistant
to and fro flow is found most commonly in ___ but also with ___
pseudoaneurysm, dissection
string of beads appearance
fibromuscular dysplasia
carotid body tumors are classfied as ___
paraganglions
blood flow in carotid body tumour
lots of flow - no biopsy, low resistance
pulseless disease
takayasu’s arteritis
narrowing within the first 24 months of carotid endarterectomy is mostly caused by
neointimal hyperplasia
Stenosis with a stent: 50% stenosis = ____cm/s, and ratio ___
220, 2.7
Stenosis with a stent: 80% stenosis = ____cm/s, and ratio ___
340, 4.15
blood thinner medication given first ___, second____
heparin, coumadin
a venous hum means
there is a proximal venous obstruction
++ pulsatile flow in veins means
CHF
CVC usually inserted in the
SCV or IJV
PICC usually inserted in the
brachial
what upper extremity veins do not get compressed?
the proximal IJV, SCV, BCV
