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Abdomen ultrasound > Vascular > Flashcards

Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

the first branch of the SC artery is

A

vertebrals

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2
Q

first branch of the ICA is

A

opthalmic artery

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3
Q

first branch of the ECA is

A

superior thyroid

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4
Q

the ____ artery and the ____ artery of the ECA join with the opthalmic artery of the ICA and can be collaterals

A

facial, superficial temporal

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5
Q

Inflow arteries____, outflow arteries___, runoff arteries____

A

Ao to EIA, CFA to pop, calf

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6
Q

the CIV and EIV are ___ to the partner artery?

A

medial

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7
Q

what vessels are key in BP control?

A

arterioles

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8
Q

what vessels are key in autoregulation control?

A

arterioles

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9
Q

veins are mostly made of

A

elastic and collagen

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10
Q

expanding of large arteries helps….

A

maintain arteriole pressure

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11
Q

lots of energy lost at arterioles because (good thing)

A

the are muscular, not as much stretch

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12
Q

continuity law

A

V = Q/A

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13
Q

bernoullie principle

A

velocity increases, pressure decreases

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14
Q

loss of energy required to move blood in opposite direction

A

intertia

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15
Q

reynolds number desrcibes

A

turbulence

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16
Q

Re >2000 =

A

turbulence

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17
Q

Q/flow rate is managed by

A

arterioles

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18
Q

during rest, arterioles are

____ and show ____ resistance

A

vasoconstricted, low resistance

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19
Q

MAP =

A

100 mmhg

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20
Q

inertia is lost…

A

at the entrance and exit of stenosis - more at exit

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21
Q

what is crucial for controlling stroke volume and cardiac output

A

the venous system

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22
Q

hypotensive with

A

dehydration, hemorrhage *decrease venous volume

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23
Q

hypertensive with

A

transfusion, renal retention *increase venous volume

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24
Q

hydrostatic pressure while laying down is

A

negligible

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25
Q

hight transmural pressure means

A

pressure inside vein is greater then surrounnding vein, so pressure pushing out, so DISTENDED

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26
Q

low transmural pressure

A

pressure around vein is greater then in vein so COLLAPSED/ELLIPTICAL vein

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27
Q

edema is a sign of ____ venous pressure

A

increased

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28
Q

during inspiration

A

thoracic pressure decreases, abdo pressure increases, venous blood in legs stops (pressure prevents it from coming up into IVC), flow to upper extremities increases

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29
Q

during expxiration

A

thoracic pressure increases, abdo pressure decreases, flow in legs continues, flow in upper extremities decrease

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30
Q

DVT is more likely to be dislodge….

A

in the calfs - b/c calf muscle pump

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31
Q

if you see a popliteal aneurysm..

A

likely on in aorta too

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32
Q

two other names for balloon angioplasty

A

TLD, PTA

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33
Q

EVAR’s treat

A

AAA

34
Q

autogenous means

A

own native vein used

35
Q

fabric/woven graft type

A

dacron

36
Q

RINDs last

A

24-72 hours

37
Q

what is a significant risk factor for an embolic event?

A

atrial fibrilation

38
Q

carotid territory symptoms affect the ___ side

A

opposite

39
Q

cant talk

A

aphasia

40
Q

can speak but doesnt make sense

A

dysphagia

41
Q

weakness

A

paresis

42
Q

numbness

A

paraesthesia

43
Q

problem with moving tongue/lips/muscles

A

dysarthria

44
Q

iscemia of eye

A

amaurosis fugax

45
Q

amaurosis fugas happens on the ___ side

A

same

46
Q

loss of balance

A

ataxia

47
Q

subclavian artery usually has a _____ waveform

A

high resistant/triphasic

48
Q

only ___% of TIAs are from carotid plaque

A

10

49
Q

DR % reduction equation (A = ___, B=___)

A

A-B/A x100
A = distal to stenosis
B = in stenosis

50
Q

DR measurement is or is not routinely done on US?

A

NOT

51
Q

Area reduction is good for (conncentric, or non-connentric) narrowing

A

non-conncentric

52
Q

__ has the highest diastolic velocty

A

ICA (DIAstolic)

53
Q

tardus parvus has ___ SAT

A

long

54
Q

50-69% DR = ___ cm/s, Ratio = ___

A

125, 2-4

55
Q

70% DR =___cm/s, ratio =___

A

230, >4.0

56
Q

the ratio is ___/___

A

ICA over CCA

57
Q

surgery recommended for

A

70-99% stenosis and SYMPTOMATIC

58
Q

marginal benefit of surgery with a ____ % stenosis

A

50-69

59
Q

must look closely with ICA occlusion - why

A

if still trickle flow may do surgery, use power - wall thump artifact from ECA can make it seem like flow in ICA occlusion

60
Q

occlusion of the ___ vertebral artery is uncommon

A

mid

61
Q

if bilaterally high resistant vertebral arteries, means ______

A

basilar artery stenosis

62
Q

___ side is more affected by subclavian steals

A

left

63
Q

SS of subclavian steal

A

often asymptomatic, decreased brachial pressures

64
Q

advanced bunny sign indicates

A

partial steal

65
Q

treatment for asymptomatic subclavian steal

A

none

66
Q

dissections associated with which syndromes?

A

marfans, ehlers-danlos

67
Q

flow in false lumen of dissection will be

A

high resistant

68
Q

to and fro flow is found most commonly in ___ but also with ___

A

pseudoaneurysm, dissection

69
Q

string of beads appearance

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

70
Q

carotid body tumors are classfied as ___

A

paraganglions

71
Q

blood flow in carotid body tumour

A

lots of flow - no biopsy, low resistance

72
Q

pulseless disease

A

takayasu’s arteritis

73
Q

narrowing within the first 24 months of carotid endarterectomy is mostly caused by

A

neointimal hyperplasia

74
Q

Stenosis with a stent: 50% stenosis = ____cm/s, and ratio ___

A

220, 2.7

75
Q

Stenosis with a stent: 80% stenosis = ____cm/s, and ratio ___

A

340, 4.15

76
Q

blood thinner medication given first ___, second____

A

heparin, coumadin

77
Q

a venous hum means

A

there is a proximal venous obstruction

78
Q

++ pulsatile flow in veins means

A

CHF

79
Q

CVC usually inserted in the

A

SCV or IJV

80
Q

PICC usually inserted in the

A

brachial

81
Q

what upper extremity veins do not get compressed?

A

the proximal IJV, SCV, BCV

Abdomen ultrasound (9 decks)

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