variations of Milgrams, situational explanations for obedience Flashcards

1
Q

how many variations of Milgrams study are there?

A

4
-proximity
-location
-uniform
-two teacher condition

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2
Q

describe the proximity variation.

A

they changed it twice:
-once where the teacher was given orders over the phone
21% obeyed
-the other was when the teacher and student were in the same room
40% obeyed

CONFORMITY DROPS WHEN THE AUTHORITY FIGURE IS NOT FACE TO FACE.

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3
Q

Describe the location variation.

A

They moved the experiment to a run-down office block and the researcher wore jeans and a t-shirt.

48% of pp obeyed

It was found that conformity decreased when the authority figure has less legitimate power.

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4
Q

Describe the uniform variation.

A

They researcher was “taking away bc of a phone call” and replaced with a casual member of the public (a confederate) who wore normal clothes and no lab coat.

20% of pp obeyed

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5
Q

Describe the two teacher condition variation.

A

Pp could instruct a confederate (assistant) to deliver the shock. Obedience increased when there is less personal responsibility.

92.5% of pp obeyed

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6
Q

Evaluate Milgrams original study and variations.

A

+ practical applications, his research helped us understand why the Nazi’s were able to kill so many people
+ good methodology, it was a lab study with high levels of control which also made it easier to establish cause and effect
+ research evidence, Bickman also look at the effect of uniform on obedience using a security guard and a milkman
- lacked internal validity, Orne and Holland said that the pp were likely to see that the experiment was fake with the variations
- ethical issues, deception was used bc they didnt share the true nature of the experiment

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7
Q

What are the two social-psychological explanations for obedience

A

-agentic state
-legitimate authority

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8
Q

Evaluate the agentic state.

A

+Milgrams research supports this theory
+we can apply this theory to real life situations
- human cruelty may be a better explanation
-social power can also be used as a explanation
- the theory describes obedience more that explaning

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9
Q

describe the legitimate authority.

A

pp are less likely to conform when the authority figure seems to have less legitimate power.

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10
Q

evaluate the legitimate authority.

A

+Tarnow (2000) is supporting research. they looked at black box’s from planes and found that the efficiency of the flight crew depended on the captains authority.
+ i can be used to explain real-life obedience, Kelman and Hamilton used it to explain behaviours in the Vietnam war.
- other explanations can be used. for example, gradual commitment is when people start by obeying a simple task and then find it harder to resist more serious ones.
-it may be used to justify harming others.

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