Variation, Reproductio And New Technology

Question 1

The chromosome threads carry the …….

Answer 1

Genes

Question 2

In the nuclei of ……….. there is only a ………… Set of chromosomes

Answer 2

Gametes

Single

Question 3

When are genes passed on?

Answer 3

During sexual reproduction

Question 4

What do genes control?

Answer 4

Different characteristics in offspring

Question 5

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 5

Reproduction not involving the fusion of gametes. Al, genetic material comes from one parent and the offspring are identical

Question 6

What are identical copies made by asexual reproduction called?

Answer 6

Clones

Question 7

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 7

Involves fusion of gametes and mixing of genetic information

Question 8

Why is variation important?

Answer 8

Gives offspring better chance of surviving difficult conditions

Question 9

Why may there be differences in characteristics of individuals of the same species?

Answer 9

Different genes have been inherited
Conditions in which they developed
A combination of genetic and environmental causes

Question 10

How may human development be affected during pregnancy?

Answer 10

If the mother
Smokes
Drinks alcohol
Baby may have a small birth weight

Question 11

The weaker plants may have the ……. Genes as the healthier plants but cannot grow if deprived of ………

Answer 11

Same

Nutrients

Question 12

What is good about cloning in plants?

Answer 12

Cheap

Effective

Question 13

What is tissue culture?

Answer 13

Taking small groups of cells from a plant and growing them in special conditions

Question 14

What is a quick cheap way of cloning plants?

Answer 14

Taking cuttings

Question 15

What is used to clone animals?

Answer 15

Embryo transplants

Question 16

Explain embryo transplanting

Answer 16

in this process an embryo with unspecialised cells is split into smaller groups of cells each group are genetically identical cells is transplanted and allowed to develop

Question 17

Why is it more difficult to clone animals than plants?

Answer 17

Animal embryos must be split into groups of cells and then each group must be transplanted into a host mother. It takes longer for embryos to develop

Question 18

What happens in adult cell cloning?

Answer 18

The nucleus of an adult cell replaces the nucleus of an egg cell

Question 19

Explain adult cell cloning

Answer 19

The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell
The nucleus is removed from the adult cell and placed in the egg cell
The egg is given an electric shock which causes the cell to divide
The embryo is identical to the adult cell

Question 20

Benefits of cell cloning

Answer 20

Development which have been engineered to produce valuable proteins in their milk which have uses in medicine
Cloning saves animals from extinction

Question 21

Disadvantages of cell cloning

Answer 21

Concerns about ethics
Limits variation. Problems for natural selection
Concerns about using the technique in future

Question 22

What is genetic engineering

Answer 22

Changing the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 23

What is genetic engineering used for?

Answer 23

Transfer a gene from one organism to the other

Question 24

How does genetic engineering work?

Answer 24

A gene is cut out of chromosomes using an enzyme. The gene is then placed. In the chromosome of another organism

Question 25

Advantages of cloning and genetic engineering

Answer 25

Produces animals with useful characteristics
May be used to clone best animals
If a person has a faulty gene they may have a genetic disorder, if the correct gene can be transferred they could be cured
Medical drugs produced by GE
GM crops include ones which are resistant to herbicides

Question 26

What are crops with changed genes called?

Answer 26

Genetically modified crops

Question 27

Disadvantages of GM

Answer 27

New GM seeds must be bought every year
Some peop,e are concerned about introducing genes to wild flowers
Insects which are not pests may be affected
GM crops worry people about health
Ethical issues

Question 28

The nucleus contains thread like structures called ………

Answer 28

Chromosomes