Adaptations For Survival Flashcards
What do plants need to survive?
Light, co2, water, oxygen, nutrients- mineral ions from the soil
What do animals need to survive?
Food from other organisms, water, oxygen
What do microorganisms need to survive?
Some are like plants others are like animals and some do not need oxygen or light
What is an adaptation?
Special feature of an organism
What is an extremeophile?
Organisms which have adapted to live in extreme conditions where enzymes would not normally work as they would denature; extremely hot, very salty, high pressure
How do plants make food?
Absorbing sunlight for photosynthesis
What are plant eating animals called?
Herbivores
What are animals that eat other animals called?
Carnivores
What adaptations do animals in cold climates have?
Thick fur, fat under skin to keep warm and camouflage to avoid predation
Bigger animals have…
Smaller surface areas compared to their volume. This means they conserve energy more easily but is harder to cool down
What adaptations have animals in hot climates got?
Adapted to conserve water and stop them getting hot. They may also hunt or feed at night so that they remain cool in the day
How can plants lose water?
They can lose water vapour through holes in the leaves called stomata
How can plants collect water?
Through their extensive root system
How can a plant retain water?
Having a waxy layer on the leaves
Swollen stem to store large volumes of water
Spikes to collect water vapour
Small leaves with a smaller surface area
How have some plants adapted to stop being eaten by animals?
Thorns
Poisonous chemicals
Warning colours
What do animals compete over?
Water Food Space Nutrients Mates Breeding sites
Why do prey animals compete?
To avoid predation
Why do animals need a territory?
So they have enough of the materials needed for survival
WhAt do plants compete over?
Water
Nutrients
Light
How may plants spread their seeds to avoid predation?
Have bristles so animals pick them up and disperse them
Some use the wind
Mini explosions
How may plants control when they grow to avoid competing?
Grow when dominant plants aren’t
Grow quickly
How is a star nosed mole adapted?
Blind but sensitive to touch and smell
How are female fig wasps adapted?
Special shaved heads to enter flowers and ovipositors that allow them to place eggs deep inside the flower
What are non living factors?
Factors that may change; temp, rainfall, light, oxygen levels
