Variation and Mutation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Variation?

A
  1. Differences in characteristics of organisms within the same species.

example - blue eyes and green eyes, tall people and short people

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2
Q

What causes variation?

A

Caused by mutation in genes

or by environment

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3
Q

What is survival advantage?

A

When a mutation creates a new phenotype that is better adapted to environmental changes (rare)

example giraffe mutated to have longer neck. they have phenotype that gives them long necks
this is an advantage as they can reach food on high trees.

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4
Q

What is the difference between coding DNA and non-coding DNA?

A

Coding DNA codes for proteins

Non-coding DNA does not code for proteins

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5
Q

What is mutation in coding DNA?

A
  1. Changes in proteins produced from transcription and translation.
  2. Affects protein structure/function
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6
Q

What is mutation in non-coding DNA?

A
  1. NON-CODING = regions of DNA that don’t code for protein sequences
  2. Either “switches on/off” certain genes which affects the amount of the protein produced.
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7
Q

What are the different types of mutation?

A
  1. Substitution - one nucleotide is substituted for another e.g T turns into G
  2. Insertion - new nucleotide inserted into the gene e.g it was ATGACG turns into ATAGACG (another A in inserted between T and G)
  3. Deletion - part of DNA isnt copied ; likely to affect shape and function of protein
    e.g ATGAC turn into AGAC (T has been deleted)
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8
Q

Out of the 3 types of mutation which is the least severe

A

Substituion

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9
Q

Out of the 3 types of mutation which is the most severe

A

Deletion and insertion

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