Genes Flashcards
1
Q
Define genome.
A
The entire genetic material of an organism
2
Q
What is DNA?
A
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Two strands twisted to form a double helix
made up of repeating units called nucleotides
3
Q
Describe fully the features of nucleotides. (3)
A
The monomers of DNA consisting of:
a common sugar,
a phosphate group
one of four chemical bases (A, T, C, G) attached to the sugar
4
Q
What are the features of a chromosome?
A
- 23 pairs in nucleus of human body cell
- Long molecule of DNA
- Contain sections called genes
5
Q
What is a gene?
A
A small section of DNA
that codes for a specific amino acid sequence
that combine to make a specific protein.
6
Q
What is a protein?
A
A large molecule synthesised from amino acid monomers (ATGC)
7
Q
What is genetic code? What is the significance of this?
A
- Genetic code order the bases in DNA
- Determines amino acid sequence which determines the protein made, affecting structure and function
