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Vanders blood notes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main plasma protein groups?

A

Albumins, globulins and fibrinogin

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2
Q

What is serum?

A

Plasma minus proteins involved in clotting

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3
Q

In hamoglobin, What does oxgen bind to?

A

Fe2+

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4
Q

What is the diameter of a red blood cell?

A

7 microns

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5
Q

Do erythrocytes have ribosomes?

A

NO

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6
Q

Where does destruction of erythrocytes NORMALLY occur?

A

Liver or spleen

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7
Q

When stored in the liver, what is iron bound to?

A

ferritin

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8
Q

When being delivered to the bone marrow, what is iron bound to?

A

transferrin

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9
Q

What is folic acid required for the synthesis of?

A

Thymine

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10
Q

Intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of what vitamin?

A

B12

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11
Q

What hormone regulates erythropoiesis?

A

Erythropoietin

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12
Q

What organ secretes erythropoietin?

A

The kidneys

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13
Q

What does the hormone erythropoietin stimulate?

A

Erythropoiesis

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14
Q

What is another word for white blood cell?

A

Leukocyte

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15
Q

Where can you find eosinophils?

A

Blood + Mucosal lining of GI tract, Respiratory tract and urinary tract

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16
Q

What two things beginning with H do basophils secrete?

A

Heparin + Histamine

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17
Q

When cytoplasmic portions are pinched off megakaryocytes what do these portions form?

A

Platelets

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18
Q

Give 5 examples of hematopoietic growth factors

A 
erythropoietin
colony stimulating factors
interleukins
thrombopoietin
stem cell factor
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19
Q

Which hematopoietic growth factor stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes?

A

Colony stimulating factors

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20
Q

What is the function of the HGF, thrombopoietin?

A

Stimulates platelet formation

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21
Q

How do platelets largely adhere to collagen?

A

Via the intermediary- Von Willebrand Factor vWF

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22
Q

What secretes vWF?

A

Platelets and endothelial cells q

23
Q

Describe the functions of thromboxane A2

A
  1. Stimulates platelet aggregation by activating platelets

2. Stimulates vasoconstriction

24
Q

What forms bridges between platelets?

A

Fibrinogen

25
Q

What cells synthesise prostacyclin?

A

undamaged endothelial cells

26
Q

What can we shorten prostacyclin to?

A

PGI2

27
Q

What effect does prostacyclin have on platelet aggregation?

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation

28
Q

In addition to prostacyclin, what do endothelial cells also produce that acts as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation?

A

Nitric oxide

29
Q

What is prostacyclin synthesised from?

A

Arachidonic acids

30
Q

Which coagulation pathway has everything necessary for it to occur in the blood?

A

Intrinsic pathway

31
Q

What is activated first in the intrinsic pathway?

A

Factor XII

32
Q

What does XIIa activate in the intrinsic pathway?

A

Factor XI

33
Q

What does factor XIa activate in the intrinsic pathway?

A

Factor IX

34
Q

What is factor X activated by in the intrinsic pathway and what is also required for this reaction?

A

Activated by factor IXa with the help of factor VIIIa

35
Q

Factor VIIIa is involved in the activation of what factor?

A

Factor X

36
Q

What factor converts prothrombin to thrombin with the help of factor Va?

A

Xa

37
Q

What does factor Va assist with the conversion of?

A

Prothrombin to thrombin (using Xa)

38
Q

What does tissue factor bind to at the start of the extrinisic pathway?

A

Factor VII

39
Q

When factor VII binds to tissue factor it becomes?

A

Factor VIIa (activated)

40
Q

Describe the functions of factor VIIa in the extrinsic pathway?

A

Converts IX to IXa

Converts X to Xa

41
Q

Describe the effect thrombin has in the intrinsic pathway?

A

Positive feedback

42
Q

Which pathway is less important for initiation but more important for amplification in the coagulation cascade?

A

The intrinsic pathway (positive feedback on pathway from thrombin)

43
Q

What is factor XIII activated by?

A

Thrombin

44
Q

What is the function of factor XIIIa?

A

Stabilises fibrin network

45
Q

What clotting factors does thrombin increase the activation of?

A

XI
VIII
V

46
Q

Which organ produces clotting factors?

A

Liver

47
Q

What vitamin is important in the production of clotting factors?

A

Vitamin K

48
Q

What does the liver produce that are important for the absorption of vitamin K?

A

Bile salts

49
Q

What inactivates thrombin and other clotting factors that is more effective when bound to heparin?

A

Antithrombin III

50
Q

What activates protein C?

A

Thrombin bound to thrombomodulin

51
Q

What does protein C inactivate?

A

XIIIa and Va

52
Q

What is sectreted from endothelial cells and binds to tissue factor-factor VIIa complexes?

A

Tissue factor pathway Inhibitor

53
Q

What increases the ability of tissue plasminogen activator to generate plasmin?

A

fibrin

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