Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardio > Phase 1 drive Cardiovascular notes- blood > Flashcards

Phase 1 drive Cardiovascular notes- blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is haematocrit?

A

Volume of red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does it mean to be rhesus negative?

A

D antigen is not present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is anaemia?

A

Reduced haemoglobin in the blood. (Lower than 12.5g/dL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is polycythaemia?

A

Higher than average haemoglobin levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the lifespan of a neutrophil?

A

10 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is prothrombin time?

A

How long it takes for blood to clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What coagulation factors is vitamin K essential for the synthesis of?

A

2,7,9 and 10 can remember this as 1972

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What protein in the blood plays the biggest role at maintaining oncotic pressure?

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In haemophilia, which clotting factor is there a deficiency of?

A

VIII (most common) or XI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the mechanism of inheritance of Von Willebrands disease

A

Autosomal dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does Von Willebrands disease result in?

A

A lack of vonwillebrand factor. Usually mild disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What could cause an acquired bleeding disorder?

A

Liver disease- site of clotting factor synthesis
Vitamin K deficiency- Vitamin K needed for synthesis of coagulation factors 10, 9, 7 and 2 (1972)
Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the solubility of vitamin K

A

Fat soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the formation of the platelet plug

A
  1. Exposure of collagen fibres
  2. Platelets adhere to collagen via vWF. (adheres to vWF by GP1b)
  3. Platelets release their contents
  4. ADP is released which acts on P2Y1 and P2Y12, causing platelet amplification
  5. Thrombin binds to PAR1 and PAR4 receptors, inducing platelet activation and further thrombin release
  6. Platelet activation causes an increase in GPIIb/IIIa receptors which allow platelets to bind to other platelets with a bridge of fibrinogen inbetween
  7. Thromboxane A2 released from platelets and stimulates vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation
  8. Platelet plug contacts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why doesn’t the platelet plug expand away from the damaged endothelium?

A

Undamaged endothelium secrete prostacyclin which inhibits platelet aggregation
Normal endothelium releases nitric oxide- vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the first plasma protein in the intrinsic pathway?

A

XII

17
Q

What causes the activation of factor XII in the intrinsic pathway?

A

Contact with the exposed collagen fibres

18
Q

What does XIIa catalyse the activation of?

A

factor XI

19
Q

What does factor XI catalyse the activation of?

A

factor IX

20
Q

What does IXa catalyse the activation of and what acts as a cofactor in this activation?

A

Catalyses the activation of factor X

Factor VIIIa acts as a cofactor

21
Q

What does Xa convert?

A

prothrombin to thrombin

22
Q

What is thrombin ?

A

the enzyme that converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin

23
Q

Where is tissue factor located?

A

On the outer plasma membrane of various tissue cells, including fibroblasts.

24
Q

When the endothelial lining is damaged, the exposed tissue factor binds to which clotting factor?

A

Factor VII

25
Q

What does the complex of tissue factor bound to factor VIIa go on to activate in the extrinsic pathway?

A

Activates factor X and factor IX

26
Q

What clotting factors does thrombin contribute to the activation of in the intrinsic pathway?

A

XI, VIII and V

27
Q

Which pathways is clotting usually initiated by?

A

The extrinsic pathway

28
Q

What roles does the liver play in clotting?

A

Production of clotting factors
Produces bile salts for the absorption of vitamin K- lipid soluble. Vitamin K is needed for synthesis of several clotting factors

29
Q

What is the function of plasminogen activators?

A

Covert plasminogen into plasmin

30
Q

What does plasmin do?

A

Degrades fibrin

31
Q

What platelet receptors does ADP bind to?

A

P2Y1 and P2Y12

32
Q

What receptors on platelets does thrombin bind to?

A

PAR1 and PAR4

Cardio (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions