Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiac + Vascular > Valvular Regurgitation & Stenosis > Flashcards

Valvular Regurgitation & Stenosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main cause of mitral stenosis?

A

Rheumatic fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the symptoms of mitral stenosis?

A

Dyspnoea, Fatigue, Palpitations, Chest pain, Haemoptysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the features of mitral stenosis on auscultation? Best heard where?

A
  • Mid-late diastolic murmur (Best heard on expiration)
  • Loud S1, opening snap
  • Low volume pule
  • Best heard with bell at apex with patient rolled to left side holding breath after expiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What physical signs can be seen in mitral stenosis?

A
  • Malar flush

* AF may develop causing an irregular irregular pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the diagnosis of mitral stenosis made?

A
  • CXR show left atrial enlargement

* Echo shows left atrial enlargement and thick+calcified mitral valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the treatment of mitral stenosis?

A
  • No treatment if asymptomatic
  • Diuretics for pulmonary oedema
  • Mitral valvuloplasty if severe (dilate valve with balloon)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is mitral valve stenosis?

A

Narrowing of the Mitral valve opening the blocks (obstructs) blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the causes of aortic stenosis?

A
  • Calcification due to age may worse by HTN, diabetes, hyperlipiproteinaemia and uraemia
  • Bicuspid aortic valve (<65years)
  • William’s syndrome (supravalvular aortic stenosis)
  • Post-rheumatic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the symptoms of aortic stenosis?

A
  • Angina
  • Syncope
  • Heart failure
  • Chest pain
  • Dyspnoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the features of aortic stenosis on auscultation? Best heard where?

A
  • Ejection systolic murmur
  • Best hear over aortic area (Right sternal upper edge) which radiates to the carotids
  • Slow rising pulse
  • Soft/absent S2
  • S4 sometimes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the features of severe aortic stenosis?

A
  • slow rising pulse
  • narrow pulse pressure
  • Soft/absent S2
  • LV heave
  • Aortic thrill
  • S4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If the patient is asymptomatic and has aortic stenosis what is the management?

A

Observe -watch and wait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If the patient is symptomatic and has aortic stenosis what is the management?

A

Valve replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is mitral regurgitation?

A

Occurs when blood leaks back through the mitral valve on systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the causes of mitral regurgitation?

A
  • Following coronary artery disease post MI
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Rheumatic fever
  • Congenital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the symptoms of mitral regurgitations?

A
  • Most asymptomatic
  • Dyspnoea
  • Fatigue
  • Palpitations
17
Q

What is heard on auscultation in mitral regurgitation? Heard best?

A
  • Pansystolic murmur (described as blowing)
  • Heard best at the apex and radiating to the axilla
  • S1 may be quiet
  • S2 may be widely split in severe MR
18
Q

How is mitral regurgitation diagnosed? What confirms the diagnosis in these investigations?

A
  • ECG = broad P wave
  • CXR = Left atrial and ventricle dilation + cardiomegaly
  • Echo = mitral reverse flow and LV and atrial dilatation
19
Q

What is the treatment for mitral regurgitation?

A
  • Acute = nitrates, diuretics, positive inotropes, intra aortic balloon pumps
  • Treat Heart failure: ACEi, beta blockers and spironolactone
  • Treat HTN
  • Treat AF
  • Valve repair over replacement
20
Q

What is aortic regurgitation?

A

Occurs when blood leaks back through the aortic valve during diastole

21
Q

What are the causes of aortic regurgitation? (Consider due to valve disease and due to aortic root disease)

A

Due to valve disease:

  • Rheumatic fever
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Connective tissue disease e.g. RA/SLE
  • Bicuspid aortic valve

Due to aortic root disease:

  • Aortic dissection
  • HTN
  • Synphilis
  • Marfans, Ehler-Danlos syndrome
  • Ankylosing spondylitis
22
Q

What are the symptoms of aortic regurgitation?

A
  • Dyspnoea
  • Fatigue
  • Angina
  • Syncope
  • Palpitations
  • Cyanosis
23
Q

What can be heard on auscultation in aortic regurgitation? Best heard?

A
  • Early diastolic murmur
  • Best heard. at lower left sternal edfe with patient leaning forward and holding breath after expiration
  • intensity increased by handgrip manoeuvre
24
Q

What signs are there of aortic regurgitation?

A
  • Early diastolic murmur
  • Collapsing pulse
  • De mussets sign (head bobbing)
  • Bounding water hammer pulse
  • Apex beat displaced to left
25
Q

What is the most common vavlular disease in the western world?

A

Aortic stenosis

26
Q

What valvular disease is most common in pregnancy?

A

Mitral stenosis

27
Q

MRS MSD ARD ASS

mnemonic stands for?

A

Mitral Regurgitation Systolic

Mitral Stenosis Diastolic

Aortic Regurgitation Diastolic

Aortic Stenosis Systolic

Cardiac + Vascular (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions