ECG Interpretation Flashcards
1
Q
A
Cardiac tamponade
- ECG demonstrating electrical alternans
- Not the alternation of QRS complex amplitude between beats
- Needs urgent pericardiocentesis
2
Q
A
Hypokalaemia
- U waves
- prolong PR interval
3
Q
A
LBBB
- ‘W’ in V1 and a ‘M’ in V6
- QRS Broad complex
4
Q
Causes of ST depression?
A
- secondary to abnormal QRS (LVH, LBBB, RBBB)
- ischaemia
- digoxin
- hypokalaemia
- syndrome X
5
Q
Causes of prolonged PR interval?
A
- idiopathic
- ischaemic heart disease
- digoxin toxicity
- hypokalaemia*
- rheumatic fever
- aortic root pathology e.g. abscess secondary to endocarditis
- Lyme disease
- sarcoidosis
- myotonic dystrophy
6
Q
Causes of ST elevation?
A
- myocardial infarction
- pericarditis/myocarditis
- normal variant - ‘high take-off’
7
Q
Causes of left axis deviation?
A
- left anterior hemiblock
- left bundle branch block
- inferior myocardial infarction
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome* - right-sided accessory pathway
- hyperkalaemia
- congenital: ostium primum ASD, tricuspid atresia
- minor LAD in obese people
8
Q
Causes of right axis deviation?
A
- right ventricular hypertrophy
- left posterior hemiblock
- lateral myocardial infarction
- chronic lung disease → cor pulmonale
- pulmonary embolism
- ostium secundum ASD
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome* - left-sided accessory pathway
- normal in infant < 1 years old
- minor RAD in tall people
9
Q
A
Wolff-parkinson white
- Short PR interval
- Delta wave
- left axis deviation mean type B WPW implying right sided pathway
