Valvular Heart disease Flashcards
What are the four common valve disorders ?
Mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Aortic stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
What is a mitral stenosis ?
A narrowing of the bi-cuspid valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
What is mitral regurgitation ?
When the blood is being pushed from the left atria to the left ventricle some blood will flow back into the atria due to incomplete closure of the bi-cuspid valve
What is aortic stenosis ?
A narrowing of the tri-leaflet aortic valve that is between the left ventricle and the aortic trunk which ejects blood around the systemic circulation
What is aortic regurgitation ?
When blood is being ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta the tri-leaflet valve doesn’t close properly meaning blood will flow back into the left ventricle
What effect would a mitral valve stenosis have on the natural progression of the heart ?
The narrowing of the mitral valve will make it more difficult for the blood to flow from the LA to the LV causing a build up of pressure within the LA.
This would subsequently cause a build up of pressure within the pulmonary veins and the lungs and could cause pulmonary hypertension.
What effect would a mitral valve regurgitation have on the natural progression of the heart ?
If there is a leakage of blood back through to the mitral valve into the LA the LA will enlarge. This can cause electrical issues within the heart which can cause clots.
What effect would an aortic valve stenosis have on the natural progression of the heart ?
If there is a narrowing of the aortic valve the pressure within the LV will increase causing it to enlarge.
What affect would aortic regurgitation have on the natural progression of the heart ?
Much like stenosis there would be a increase in pressure within the LV which would cause LV hypertrophy. There would also be less blood ejected during systole.
What is a clinical feature that will aid in the diagnosis of mitral stenosis ?
Prominent JVP and right ventricular heave
What is a clinical feature that will aid in the diagnosis of mitral regurgitation ?
Acute: Cardiogenic shock and extreme dyspnoea
Chronic: Prominent JVP and right ventricular heave
What is a clinical feature that will aid in the diagnosis of aortic stenosis ?
Small/weak and slow rising pulse
What is a clinical feature that will aid in the diagnosis of aortic regurgitation ?
Strong and vigorous apex beat
What are the two main forms of surgical intervention available for those with ischaemic heart disease ?
PCI
Bypass grafting of the occluded or stenosed artery
What 3 vessels are often looked at for grafting/harvesting for usage in as a bypass graft ?
Saphenous vein
Mammary artery
Radial artery
