Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System 1-2

Question 1

Where in the thorax is the heart located ?

Answer 1

The mediastinum

Question 2

Name structures found in the anterior mediastinum ?

Answer 2

The thymus gland, which is only found in children up until the age of 12/13.

Question 3

What bone creates the anterior wall of the mediastinum ?

Answer 3

The sternum

Question 4

Name structures found in the posterior mediastinum

Answer 4

Aorta, oesophagus, vertebral column

Question 5

with regards to surface anatomy, where can the apex beat be palpated ?

Answer 5

The 5th intercostal space mid-clavicular line

Question 6

What chamber of the heart lies at the apex of the heart ?

Answer 6

The left ventricle

Question 7

What chamber of the heart is most anterior ?

Answer 7

Right Ventricle

Question 8

What chamber of the heart is the most posterior ?

Answer 8

Left Atrium

Question 9

What chamber can be found at the right border of the heart ?

Answer 9

The right Atrium

Question 10

What structure lies directly posterior to the left atrium ?

Answer 10

The oesophagus

Question 11

What main vessel do the coronary arteries come off ?

Answer 11

Aorta

Question 12

When lying down between what vertebral levels can the heart be found ?

Answer 12

T5-T8

Question 13

What is the name of the innermost layer of heart tissue and what is it composed of ?

Answer 13

Endocardium

simple squamous epithelium on a basement membrane and connective tissues

Question 14

where does the mitral valve lie ?

Answer 14

It lies between the left atrium & left ventricle

Question 15

Where does the tricuspid valve lie ?

Answer 15

Lies between the right atrium & right ventrcile

Question 16

What is the name of the pulmonary valve & how many cusps does it have ?

Answer 16

Semi-lunar & 3 cusps

Question 17

What is the name of the aortic valve & how many cusps does it have ?

Answer 17

Semi-lunar valve & usually 3 cusps/leaflets however a small proportion of the population has only 2 leaflets

Question 18

What are the three layers of blood vessels ?

Answer 18

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

Question 19

What type of epithelium can be found in the Tunica intima ?

Answer 19

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 20

What type of tissue can be found within the Tunica Media ?

Answer 20

Smooth muscle

Question 21

What is often found in the Tunica media & Tunica adventitia of elastic arteries ?

Answer 21

An internal elastic lamina (blue elastic fibres)

Question 22

What is the presentation of the media & adventitia in arteries ?

Answer 22

Thick media & thin adventitia

Question 23

What is the presentation of the media & adventitia in veins ?

Answer 23

Thin media & thick adventitia

Question 24

What are the three types of arteries ?

Answer 24

Elastic
Muscular
Arterioles

Question 25

What are the walls of capillaries comprised of ?

Answer 25

they are single cell vessels (simple squamous)

Question 26

What are the three types of capillary ?

Answer 26

Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous

Question 27

What are the properties of a continuous capilary ?

Answer 27

They are able to regulate what passes through them, they are often found in the blood brain barrier and areas of tight regulation such as muscle.

Question 28

Where are fenestrated capillaries found ?

Answer 28

The kidney & endocrine glands

Question 29

Where are discontinuous capillaries found ?

Answer 29

The liver, spleen & bone marrow