valvular disorders Flashcards
aortic stenosis murmur
harsh systolic ejection murmur, thrill in 2nd RICS or suprasternal notch, early systolic click
aortic stenosis presentation
asymptomatic;
DOE, fatigue, decreased exercise tolerance
aortic stenosis imaging findings
echo: calcified leaflets & aortic gradient
aortic stenosis tx (2)
avoid strenuous exercise, rest
cardiac cath for symptomatic pts
aortic regurgitation presentation
asymptomatic for years, then DOE, signs of CHF
aortic regurgitation murmur
high-pitched diastolic decrescendo murmur heard at aortic area & LSB
aortic regurg characteristic finding
Wide pulse pressure & low diastolic pressure
aortic regurgitation tx (4)
ACE inhibitors
hydralazine
nifedipine
valve replacement if symptomatic
wide pulse pressure & low diastolic pressure
aortic regurgitation
pulmonary congestion –> pulm HTN –> RHF. A fib
mitral stenosis
mitral stenosis murmur
loud S1 w/ opening snap & mid-diastolic rumbling
mitral stenosis imaging findings (EKG, CXR, and Echo)
EKG: LAE
CXR: LAE, pulmonary congestion & RVH, Kerley B lines
Echo: valve thickening
mitral stenosis tx
diuretics & sodium restriction for mild cases
anticoagulation for A Fib or LAE
valve surgery for progressive cases
mitral regurg symptoms
dyspnea, fatigue, orthopnea, arrhythmias, pulmonary edema
mitral regurg murmur
high-pitched, pansystolic murmur loudest at the apex, radiating to axilla.
S3 and S4 sounds later
