Cardiac imaging & HF

Question 0

cardiac enzymes for diagnostic (3)

Answer 0

creatinine kinase
CK-MB
troponins

Question 1

imaging- electrocardiogram for?

Answer 1

1st used, usually. baseline, acute setting- fast & basic.

Question 2

cardiac enzymes onset and peak?

Answer 2

3-12h onset, peak 18-24h

Question 3

cardiac stress test is used for? (4)

Answer 3

evaluation of exertional chest pain,
exercise capacity,
significance of known CAD,
risk assessment of ischemic heart disease

Question 4

cardiac stress test contraindications (4)

Answer 4

acute phase of MI or ACS
acute myocarditis or pericarditis
aortic stenosis/dissection
rapid arrhythmias

Question 5

cardiac stress test looks for? (2)

Answer 5

ECG changes

symptom development while exercising along a protocol

Question 6

transthoracic echocardiogram can evaluate? (5)

Answer 6

wall motion (damaged tissue)
calculate EF
chamber size
valve structure & fxn
tumors/masses/clots

Question 7

transesophageal echo can evaluate? (5)

Answer 7

clots, 
septal defects, PFO, 
ascending aortic atherosclerosis, 
valvular pathology
aortic dissection

Question 8

gold standard for CAD diagnosis?

Answer 8

cardiac cath/angiogram

Question 9

indications for cardiac cath/angiogram (2)

Answer 9

known/suspected CAD- unstable angina, atypical chest pain

before valve surgery w/ chest pain of ECG changes

Question 10

cardiac imaging that can also be therapeutic?

Answer 10

cardiac cath/angiogram

Question 11

inability to contract and expel blood?

Answer 11

systolic dysfxn

Question 12

inability to relax and fill?

Answer 12

diastolic dysfxn

Question 13

causes of systolic dysfunction? (3)

Answer 13

CAD
cardiomyopathy (impaired contractility)
pressure overload (high afterload)

Question 14

causes of diastolic dysfunction? (3)

Answer 14

ischemia, fibrosis, sarcoids- leading to restriction

Question 15

peripheral edema, RUQ pain/discomfort, JVD, ascites/liver failure

Answer 15

right sided HF

Question 16

dyspnea, diaphoresis, tachypnea, tachycardia, rales, S3/S4

Answer 16

left side HF

Question 17

what test is used to differentiate pulm. from cardiac disease in pts with dyspnea?

Answer 17

BNP

Question 18

clinical presentation of HF (5)

Answer 18

edema
rales at the bases of the lungs
JVD
S3/S4 murmur
dyspnea/cough

Question 19

HF pharm treatments (5)

Answer 19

ACE inhibitor
diuretics
B blocker
Spironolactone
Digoxin

Question 20

CXR findings for pulmonary edema (3)

Answer 20

Kerley B lines
edema
cardiomegaly

Question 21

pulmonary edema treatment (4)

Answer 21

O2
morphine
diuretics
nitrates

Question 22

cause of pulmonary edema

Answer 22

increased pulmonary venous pressure

Question 23

which will have decreased ejection fraction, systolic or diastolic dysfunction?

Answer 23

systolic, due to dilated LV

Question 24

causes of HF

Answer 24

CAD, cardiomyopathy, pressure overload, ischemia, fibrosis, sarcoids