Renal

Question 0

Rash, abd pain, arthralgia, GN

Answer 0

Henoch-Scholein Purpura

Question 1

gross hematuria 1-2 days post URI-onset, proteinuria

Answer 1

IgA nephropathy/Berger’s dz

Question 2

most common systemic vasculitis in kids

Answer 2

HSP

Question 3

1-3 weeks post-strep infection, + ASO titers

Answer 3

Poststreptococcal GN

Question 4

lab finding in lupus

Answer 4

Anti-dsDNA Abs

Question 5

GN w/ ENT manifestations

Answer 5

Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis

Question 6

systemic, ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitis

expected biopsy finding?

Answer 6

Pauci-immune GN

absence of immune deposits on biopsy

Question 7

necrotizing granulomatous infection in lower & upper resp. tract, GN

Answer 7

Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

Question 8

pulm. hemorrhage & GN

Answer 8

Anti-GBM GN

Question 9

circulating autoantibodies directed at the GBM manifestations?

Answer 9

pulmonary hemorrhage & GN

Question 10

Anti-GBM GN tx? (2)

Answer 10

plasmapheresis

immunosuppression

Question 11

segmental transmural inflammation of muscular aa.

Answer 11

Polyarteritis nodosa

Question 12

ANCA-, lung sparing, no RBC casts

Answer 12

Polyarteritis nodosa

Question 13

ANCA+, no granuloma formation, small vessel vasculitis, multiorgan involvement

Answer 13

microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)

Question 14

eosinophil-rich granulomatous inflammation & vasculitis

Answer 14

EGPA/Churg-Strauss

Question 15

pauci-immune GN assoc. w/ hx asthma &/or eosinophilia

Answer 15

EGPA/Churg-Strauss

Question 16

3 phases of EGPA

Answer 16

Prodrome (atopic disease)
Eosinophilic Phase
Vasculitic phase

Question 17

IgA deposits affecting small vessels in kids

Answer 17

HSP

Question 18

PE findings for glomerulonephritis (3)

Answer 18

HTN
periorbital edema
sacral edema

Question 19

drug tx for glomerulonephritis (3)

Answer 19

ACE-i or ARB
corticosteroids
cytotoxic agents

Question 20

polyarteritis nodosa complication

Answer 20

infarction

Question 21

multiple cysts on kidneys bilaterally

Answer 21

PCKD

Question 22

volume depletion in pts leads to which AKI etiology

Answer 22

inadequate perfusion

Question 23

causes of pre-renal AKI (broad-2)

Answer 23

true: bleeding out, GI loss, DKA, burns
effective: low CO, sepsis

Question 24

drugs that can affect pre-renal AKI (2)

Answer 24

NSAIDs | ACE-i/ARBs

Question 25

pathognomonic of tubular injury

Answer 25

muddy brown casts

Question 26

severity: Risk in AKI

Answer 26

Cr increase x 1.5 or GFR decreased by >25% | UO < 0.5 ml/kg/hr x 6 hr

Question 27

severity: Injury in AKI

Answer 27

increased Cr x 2 or decreased GFR > 50% | UO < 0.5 ml/kg/hr x 12 hour

Question 28

severity: Failure in AKI

Answer 28

increased Cr x 3 or decreased GFR > 75% UO < 0.3 ml/kg/hr x 24 h or anuria x 12 hours

Question 29

severity: Loss in AKD

Answer 29

persistent acute renal failure x 4 weeks

Question 30

how to prevent contrast nephropathy (3)

Answer 30

hydration acetylcysteine bicarb

Question 31

tubular epithelial cell toxicity & renal medullary ischemia in AKI could indicate

Answer 31

Contrast nephropathy

Question 32

FENa for pre-renal disease

Answer 32

<1%

Question 33

FENa for intrarenal disease

Answer 33

>3%

Question 34

Post-renal AKI is?

Answer 34

obstruction

Question 35

eosinophils w/ decreased GFR indicates

Answer 35

acute interstitial nephritis

Question 36

normal serum Cr

Answer 36

0.5 - 1.2

Question 37

normal BUN

Answer 37

10-20

Question 38

normal PSA

Answer 38

< 4ng/mL

Question 39

CKD duration

Answer 39

30 or more mo.

Question 40

Stage 1 CKD

Answer 40

GFR > 90 w/ persistent albuminuria

Question 41

Stage 2 CKD

Answer 41

GFR 60-89 w/ persistent albuminuria

Question 42

Stage 3 CKD

Answer 42

GFR 30-59

Question 43

Stage 4

Answer 43

GFR 15-29

Question 44

Stage 5 CKD

Answer 44

GFR <15 or dialysis

Question 45

nephrotoxic medications? (4)

Answer 45

aminoglycosides Amphotericin B Cisplatin Contrast

Question 46

causes of ischemic AKI? (2)

Answer 46

hypotension | Sepsis

Question 47

causes of intrarenal AKI (4)

Answer 47

glomerular interstitial vascular tubular

Question 48

small bilateral kidneys indicates?

Answer 48

CKD

Question 49

indications for dialysis (5)

Answer 49

``` Acid-base disturbance Electrolyte abn (hyperkalemia w/ EKG changes) Ingested toxins Overload refractory to diuretics Uremia (AMS, seizure, pericarditis) ```

Question 50

complications of AKI (5)

Answer 50

``` hyperkalemia hypocalcemia hyperphosphatemia metabolic acidosis uremia ```

Question 51

first line of CKD

Answer 51

ACE-i/ARBs

Question 52

causes of CKD (5)

Answer 52

``` DM HTN glomerular disease PKD chronic tubulointerstitial disorders ```

Question 53

dialysis indicated at what GFR

Answer 53

< 30

Question 54

dialysis complications (4)

Answer 54

hypotension dialysis disequilibrium syndrome arrhythmias clotting/bleeding

Question 55

refer to nephrology at what stage kidney disease

Answer 55

stage 4 | GFR < 30

Question 56

chronic tubulointerstitial disorders (4 things)

Answer 56

kidney size is small/contracted decreased urinary concentrating ability hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis reduced GFR

Question 57

3 chronic tubulointerstitial disorders

Answer 57

obstructive uropathy reflux nephropathy analgesic nephropathy

Question 58

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 58

non-inflammatory damage to the glomerular capillary wall

Question 59

proteinuria (>3.5 g/dl), hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria

Answer 59

nephrotic syndrome

Question 60

edema, HTN, proteinuria (<3.0/day), cola-colored urine, hematuria, RBC casts, decreased GFR

Answer 60

glomerularnephritis

Question 61

signs of nephrotic syndrome (3)

Answer 61

edema ascites foamy urine

Question 62

malaise, anorexia, dyspnea, abd. distension, wt gain, orthostatic hypotension

Answer 62

symptoms of nephrotic syndrome

Question 63

tx for nephrotic syndrome 1st line

Answer 63

ACE-i/ARBs

Question 64

proteinuria (>3.5 g/d), hypoalbuminemia, minimal changes to renal biopsy, children

Answer 64

minimal change disease | nephrotic

Question 65

nephrotic syndr. from an injury to the glomerular foot processes

Answer 65

minimal change dz

Question 66

GBM thickening w/ immune complex deposition on the subepithelial surface of the GBM

Answer 66

Membranous Nephropathy

Question 67

tx minimal change disease

Answer 67

prednisone

Question 68

injury to the podocytes leading to scarring | asymptomatic proteinuria

Answer 68

Focal Segmental Gloerulosclerosis | nephrotic

Question 69

most common cause of ESRD in the US

Answer 69

diabetic nephropathy

Question 70

extracellular deposition of an abnormally folded protein in the glomeruli, leading to proteinuria, decreased GFR, nephrotic syndrome

Answer 70

amyloidosis

Question 71

screening for amyloidosis

Answer 71

serum & urine protein electrophoresis