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Clin Med 2 > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

0
Q

Rash, abd pain, arthralgia, GN

A

Henoch-Scholein Purpura

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1
Q

gross hematuria 1-2 days post URI-onset, proteinuria

A

IgA nephropathy/Berger’s dz

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2
Q

most common systemic vasculitis in kids

A

HSP

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3
Q

1-3 weeks post-strep infection, + ASO titers

A

Poststreptococcal GN

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4
Q

lab finding in lupus

A

Anti-dsDNA Abs

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5
Q

GN w/ ENT manifestations

A

Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis

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6
Q

systemic, ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitis

expected biopsy finding?

A

Pauci-immune GN

absence of immune deposits on biopsy

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7
Q

necrotizing granulomatous infection in lower & upper resp. tract, GN

A

Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

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8
Q

pulm. hemorrhage & GN

A

Anti-GBM GN

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9
Q

circulating autoantibodies directed at the GBM manifestations?

A

pulmonary hemorrhage & GN

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10
Q

Anti-GBM GN tx? (2)

A

plasmapheresis

immunosuppression

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11
Q

segmental transmural inflammation of muscular aa.

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

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12
Q

ANCA-, lung sparing, no RBC casts

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

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13
Q

ANCA+, no granuloma formation, small vessel vasculitis, multiorgan involvement

A

microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)

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14
Q

eosinophil-rich granulomatous inflammation & vasculitis

A

EGPA/Churg-Strauss

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15
Q

pauci-immune GN assoc. w/ hx asthma &/or eosinophilia

A

EGPA/Churg-Strauss

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16
Q

3 phases of EGPA

A

Prodrome (atopic disease)
Eosinophilic Phase
Vasculitic phase

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17
Q

IgA deposits affecting small vessels in kids

A

HSP

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18
Q

PE findings for glomerulonephritis (3)

A

HTN
periorbital edema
sacral edema

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19
Q

drug tx for glomerulonephritis (3)

A

ACE-i or ARB
corticosteroids
cytotoxic agents

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20
Q

polyarteritis nodosa complication

A

infarction

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21
Q

multiple cysts on kidneys bilaterally

A

PCKD

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22
Q

volume depletion in pts leads to which AKI etiology

A

inadequate perfusion

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23
Q

causes of pre-renal AKI (broad-2)

A

true: bleeding out, GI loss, DKA, burns
effective: low CO, sepsis

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24
Q

drugs that can affect pre-renal AKI (2)

A

NSAIDs

ACE-i/ARBs

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25
Q

pathognomonic of tubular injury

A

muddy brown casts

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26
Q

severity: Risk in AKI

A

Cr increase x 1.5 or GFR decreased by >25%

UO < 0.5 ml/kg/hr x 6 hr

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27
Q

severity: Injury in AKI

A

increased Cr x 2 or decreased GFR > 50%

UO < 0.5 ml/kg/hr x 12 hour

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28
Q

severity: Failure in AKI

A

increased Cr x 3 or decreased GFR > 75%
UO < 0.3 ml/kg/hr x 24 h
or anuria x 12 hours

29
Q

severity: Loss in AKD

A

persistent acute renal failure x 4 weeks

30
Q

how to prevent contrast nephropathy (3)

A

hydration
acetylcysteine
bicarb

31
Q

tubular epithelial cell toxicity & renal medullary ischemia in AKI could indicate

A

Contrast nephropathy

32
Q

FENa for pre-renal disease

A

<1%

33
Q

FENa for intrarenal disease

A

> 3%

34
Q

Post-renal AKI is?

A

obstruction

35
Q

eosinophils w/ decreased GFR indicates

A

acute interstitial nephritis

36
Q

normal serum Cr

A

0.5 - 1.2

37
Q

normal BUN

A

10-20

38
Q

normal PSA

A

< 4ng/mL

39
Q

CKD duration

A

30 or more mo.

40
Q

Stage 1 CKD

A

GFR > 90 w/ persistent albuminuria

41
Q

Stage 2 CKD

A

GFR 60-89 w/ persistent albuminuria

42
Q

Stage 3 CKD

A

GFR 30-59

43
Q

Stage 4

A

GFR 15-29

44
Q

Stage 5 CKD

A

GFR <15 or dialysis

45
Q

nephrotoxic medications? (4)

A

aminoglycosides
Amphotericin B
Cisplatin
Contrast

46
Q

causes of ischemic AKI? (2)

A

hypotension

Sepsis

47
Q

causes of intrarenal AKI (4)

A

glomerular
interstitial
vascular
tubular

48
Q

small bilateral kidneys indicates?

A

CKD

49
Q

indications for dialysis (5)

A 
Acid-base disturbance
Electrolyte abn (hyperkalemia w/ EKG changes)
Ingested toxins
Overload refractory to diuretics
Uremia (AMS, seizure, pericarditis)
50
Q

complications of AKI (5)

A 
hyperkalemia
hypocalcemia
hyperphosphatemia
metabolic acidosis
uremia
51
Q

first line of CKD

A

ACE-i/ARBs

52
Q

causes of CKD (5)

A 
DM
HTN
glomerular disease
PKD
chronic tubulointerstitial disorders
53
Q

dialysis indicated at what GFR

A

< 30

54
Q

dialysis complications (4)

A

hypotension
dialysis disequilibrium syndrome
arrhythmias
clotting/bleeding

55
Q

refer to nephrology at what stage kidney disease

A

stage 4

GFR < 30

56
Q

chronic tubulointerstitial disorders (4 things)

A

kidney size is small/contracted
decreased urinary concentrating ability
hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
reduced GFR

57
Q

3 chronic tubulointerstitial disorders

A

obstructive uropathy
reflux nephropathy
analgesic nephropathy

58
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

non-inflammatory damage to the glomerular capillary wall

59
Q

proteinuria (>3.5 g/dl), hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria

A

nephrotic syndrome

60
Q

edema, HTN, proteinuria (<3.0/day), cola-colored urine, hematuria, RBC casts, decreased GFR

A

glomerularnephritis

61
Q

signs of nephrotic syndrome (3)

A

edema
ascites
foamy urine

62
Q

malaise, anorexia, dyspnea, abd. distension, wt gain, orthostatic hypotension

A

symptoms of nephrotic syndrome

63
Q

tx for nephrotic syndrome 1st line

A

ACE-i/ARBs

64
Q

proteinuria (>3.5 g/d), hypoalbuminemia, minimal changes to renal biopsy, children

A

minimal change disease

nephrotic

65
Q

nephrotic syndr. from an injury to the glomerular foot processes

A

minimal change dz

66
Q

GBM thickening w/ immune complex deposition on the subepithelial surface of the GBM

A

Membranous Nephropathy

67
Q

tx minimal change disease

A

prednisone

68
Q

injury to the podocytes leading to scarring

asymptomatic proteinuria

A

Focal Segmental Gloerulosclerosis

nephrotic

69
Q

most common cause of ESRD in the US

A

diabetic nephropathy

70
Q

extracellular deposition of an abnormally folded protein in the glomeruli, leading to proteinuria, decreased GFR, nephrotic syndrome

A

amyloidosis

71
Q

screening for amyloidosis

A

serum & urine protein electrophoresis

Clin Med 2 (8 decks)

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