Valvular disease

Question 1

4 valves where are they?

Answer 1

• Aortic valve (left ventricle to aorta)
• pulmonary valve (right ventricle to pulmonary artery)
• right atrioventricular valve (between right atrium & ventricle)
• left atrioventricular valve (MITRAL VALVE) (between left atrium and ventricle)

Question 2

what is the purpose of heart valves?

Answer 2

they provide unidirectional flow

Question 3

Problems with valves

Answer 3

• valves stiff, wont open – impedes blood flow

- valves lax, don’t close adequately — blood regurgitates

Question 4

if valves are damaged

Answer 4

regurgitation or impeded blood flow

Question 5

which valves are more susceptible?

Answer 5

• mitral & aortic
• because on L side of heart, both valves persistently exposed to high pressure because left side of heart pumps to whole systemic circulation

Question 6

Etiology of valvular disease

Answer 6

• Congenital defects (introduction of a teratogen)
• Degenerative changes (aging)
• Ischemic damage (ex. MI near AV valve)

Question 7

Stenosis =

Answer 7

narrowing of valve orifice & failure of valve leaflets to open normally

Question 8

Stenoic valve

Answer 8

• stiff valves
• poor opening
• impeded blood flow

Question 9

Regurgitant Valve

Answer 9

• Distorted leaflets
• Improper closure (do not close when meant to)
• regurgitation

Question 10

Both stenoic valve & regurgitant valve

Answer 10

alter cardiac blood flow and increase workload

Question 11

Treatment for valvular disease

Answer 11

-drugs to maintain function & prevent failure (ensure heart doesn’t fail)
-Sx, if indicated after drugs surgery next option
(synthetic valves, Pig valves)