Fluid Acid - Base Balance

Question 1

Edema

Answer 1

• is a manifestation
• palpable swelling produced by expansion of interstitial fluid volume
• increase fluid volume in interstitial space from vascular space

Question 2

Physiologic mechanisms that contribute to edema

Answer 2

• increase in hydrostatic pressure
• decrease in colliod osmotic pressure
• increase in capillary permeability
• obstruction of lymph flow

Question 3

Hydrostatic pressure is always

Answer 3

push pressure

Question 4

Osmotic pressure is always

Answer 4

pull pressure

Question 5

Dehydration

Answer 5

• volume deficit

- decrease in interstitial fluids and intravascular fluids

Question 6

causes of dehydration:

Answer 6

• inadequate intake
• loss to 3rd space
• excessive gastrointestinal fluid, renal or skin losses

Question 7

Ph is the measurement of

Answer 7

Hydrogen ion concentration

Question 8

Ph changes alters

Answer 8

enzymes, proteins & metabolism

Question 9

4 types of imbalances

Answer 9

• respiratory acidosis/alkalosis

- metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

Question 10

Normal Ph maintained by

Answer 10

1. Buffers
2. Lungs - Exhalation of C02
3. Kidneys
   - excretion of H+
   - re absorption of HC03

Question 11

important buffer

Answer 11

carbonic acid buffer

Question 12

carbonic acid is

Answer 12

volatile, unstable, dissociates as soon as it is formed

Question 13

respiratory acidosis involves ___ acid

Answer 13

Carbonic acid (volatile acid)

Question 14

metabolic acidosis involves ___

Answer 14

other acids, fixed acids (ex. lactic acid)

Question 15

if lungs are working properly should not have

Answer 15

C02 imbalance

Question 16

3rd space loss

Answer 16

• fluid accumulates in transcellular space (not easy to remove/reverse)
• not easily exchangeable
• loss to 3rd spacing ex. fluid in abdominal cavity, joint
• fluid moves into an area that is not usually involved in fluid exchange

Question 17

Kidneys & lungs can _______ for each other when 1 malfunctions

Answer 17

compensate

Question 18

enzymes have narrow PH ranges which may cause them to be

Answer 18

denatured via incorrect ph

causing them not being able to drive reactions or functions cannot occur

Question 19

acid-base balance is measured by

Answer 19

ABGS (arterial blood gases)

Question 20

normal Ph of extracellular fluid is

Answer 20

7.35-7.45

Question 21

normal Ph of blood is

Answer 21

7.4

Question 22

Ph of patient refers to Ph of

Answer 22

blood (unless otherwise stated)

Question 23

respiratory imbalance

Answer 23

• carbonic acid related

- relates to C02 (build up of too much or too much exhaled)

Question 24

lungs and kidneys can compensate for each other to

Answer 24

normalize the ph

Question 25

metabolic acidosis

Answer 25

too much acid or decreased base

Question 26

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 26

too much base or decreased acid

Question 27

Treatment of acid/base imbalance

Answer 27

• oral or IV replenishment of fluid that neutralizes issue (adjust ph)
• FIRST fix underlying cause

Question 28

respiratory acidosis

Answer 28

impaired ventilation (decrease in ventilation) –increase in PC02 —– decrease in Ph (resp acidosis)

Question 29

respiratory alkalosis

Answer 29

hyperventilation (increase elimination of C02 – decrease in PC02 — increase in Ph (respiratory alkalosis

Question 30

impaired ventilation causes

Answer 30

respiratory acidosis

Question 31

hyperventilation causes

Answer 31

respiratory alkalosis

Question 32

impaired ventilation _____ C02

Answer 32

increases

Question 33

hyperventilation _____ C02

Answer 33

decreases